Download 8th Grade Science Crosswalk GPS GSE

8th Grade Science Crosswalk
GPS
S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of
matter.
a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules.
b. Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and
compounds) and mixtures.
c. Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and
plasmas states.
d. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter
as physical (i.e., density, melting point, boiling point) or chemical
(i.e., reactivity, combustibility).
e. Distinguish between changes in matter as physical (i.e., physical
change) or chemical (development of a gas, formation of
precipitate, and change in color).
f. Recognize that there are more than 100 elements and some have
similar properties as shown on the Periodic Table of Elements.
g. Identify and demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter.
GSE
S8P1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about
the structure and properties of matter.
a. Develop and use a model to compare and contrast pure
substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures.
(Clarification statement: Include heterogeneous and homogeneous
mixtures. Types of bonds and compounds will be addressed in high
school physical science.)
b. Develop and use models to describe the movement of particles in
solids, liquids, gases, and plasma states when thermal energy is
added or removed.
c. Plan and carry out investigations to compare and contrast
chemical (i.e., reactivity, combustibility) and physical properties of
matter (i.e., density, melting point, boiling point).
d. Construct an argument to support the claim that when a change
occurs, it is either chemical or physical.
(Clarification statement: Evidence could include ability to separate
mixtures, development of a gas, formation of a precipitate, change
in energy, color, and/or form.)
e. Develop models (e.g., atomic-level models, including drawings,
and computer representations) by analyzing patterns within the
periodic table that illustrate the structure, composition, and
characteristics of atoms (including protons, neutrons, and electrons)
and simple molecules.
f. Construct an explanation based on evidence to describe
conservation of matter and mass in a chemical reaction including
the resulting differences between products and reactants.
S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and
transformations of energy.
(Clarification statement: Evidence could include models such as
balanced chemical equations.
S8P2. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about
the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments that
8th Grade Science Crosswalk
a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of
Conservation of Energy.
b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy.
c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light,
electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics.
d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the
collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a
liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat
(convection).
S8P3. Students will investigate relationship between force,
mass, and the motion of objects.
a. Determine the relationship between velocity and acceleration.
b. Demonstrate the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an
object in terms of gravity, inertia, and friction.
c. Demonstrate the effect of simple machines (lever, inclined plane,
pulley, wedge,
S8P4. Students will explore the wave nature of sound and
electromagnetic radiation.
a. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical
waves.
b. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing
reflection, refraction diffraction, and absorption.
energy can transform from one form to another within a
system.
a. Analyze and interpret data to create graphical displays that
illustrate the relationships of kinetic energy to mass and speed and
the potential energy to mass and height of an object.
b. Plan and carry out an investigation to explain the transformation
between kinetic and potential energy within a system (e.g., roller
coasters, pendulums, rubber bands, etc.).
c. Construct an explanations about energy transformations within a
system [e.g., lighting a match (light to heat), turning on a light
(electrical to light)].
d. Plan and carry out investigations on the effects of heat transfer
on molecular motion as it relates to the collision of atoms
(conduction), through space (radiation), or in currents in a liquid or
a gas (convection).
S8P3. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about
cause and effect relationships between force, mass, and the
motion of objects.
a. Analyze and interpret data to identify patterns in the relationships
between speed and distance, and velocity and acceleration.
(Clarification statement: Students should be able to analyze motion
graphs, but students should not be expected to calculate velocity or
acceleration.)
b. Construct an explanation using Newton’s Laws of Motion to
describe the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the
motion of an object.
c. Construct an argument from evidence to support the claim that
heavier objects require a greater force to accelerate (inertia).
S8P4. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to
support the claim that electromagnetic (light) waves behave
differently than mechanical (sound) waves.
a. Ask questions to develop explanations about the similarities and
differences between electromagnetic and mechanical waves.
8th Grade Science Crosswalk
c. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of
wavelengths.
d. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium (such
as air, water, solids).
e. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences.
f. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are
affected by changes in amplitude and pitch.
S8P5. Students will recognize characteristics of gravity,
electricity, and magnetism as major kinds of forces acting in
nature.
a. Recognize that every object exerts gravitational force on every
other object and that the force exerted depends on how much mass
the objects have and how far apart they are.
b. Demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of series and
parallel circuits and how they transfer energy.
c. Investigate and explain that electric currents and magnets can
exert force on each other.
d. Investigate static electricity in terms of friction, conduction and
induction.
(Clarification statement: Include transverse and longitudinal waves
and wave parts such as crest, trough, compressions, and
rarefactions.)
b. Construct an explanation using data to illustrate the relationship
between the electromagnetic spectrum and energy.
c. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to explain
practical applications of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g.,
communication, medical, military).
d. Develop and use a model to compare and contrast how light and
sound waves are reflected, refracted, absorbed, diffracted or
transmitted through various materials.
(Clarification statement: Include echo and how color is seen but do
not cover interference and scattering.)
e. Analyze and interpret data to predict patterns in the relationship
between density of media and wave behavior (i.e., speed).
f. Develop and use a model (e.g., simulations, graphs, illustrations)
to predict and describe the relationships between wave properties
(e.g., frequency, amplitude, and wavelength) and energy.
g. Develop and use models to demonstrate the effects and functions
of lenses.
S8P5. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about
the phenomena of gravity, electricity, and magnetism as major
forces acting in nature.
a. Construct an argument using evidence to support the claim that
fields (i.e., magnetic fields, gravitational fields, and electric fields)
exist between objects exerting forces on each other even when the
objects are not in contact.
b. Plan and carry out investigations to demonstrate the distribution
of charge in conductors and insulators.
(Clarification statement: Include conduction, induction, and
friction
c. Plan and carry out investigations to identify the factors (e.g.,
distance between objects, magnetic force produced by an
8th Grade Science Crosswalk
electromagnet with varying number of wire turns, varying number
or size of dry cells, and varying size of iron core) that affect the
strength of electric and magnetic forces.
(Clarification statement: Included, but not limited to, generators or
motors.)