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Transfer of innovation and managerial models by foreign industrialists to South Russia (late 19th- early 20th century) The paper will present results of my research into processes of transfer of innovations and managerial models by foreign industrialists to Russia during the period of preSoviet industrialization. By the end of the 19th century, – besides such centers as Moscow and Petersburg – South Russia became the main area and channel for the transfer and adaptation of Western European models of industrial production, having outrun the Ural region in volumes, rates and innovations. The prominent role played by foreign investment and industrial technologies in the Russian industrialization process has been well known for scholarship both in Russia and abroad. In my paper, I intend to focus on a specific aspect: the role of foreign entrepreneurship in transferring new managerial ideas (scientific management) and practical managerial models. Can we attribute – using A. Chandler’s term – the appearance of the “Visible hand” in Russia mainly to the foreigners, i.e. can we evaluate the managerial revolution as a phenomenon that was mostly imported from the West? Or was it rather a result of an evolution within the traditional family firms induced by the process of associating their capitals? How can we define, through the prism of assessing the role of foreign businessmen, the peculiarities of the creation of modern industrial enterprise and the appearance of professional manager class in the Russian Empire? The research to be presented was based on the analysis of industrial censuses and further official statistics, and unpublished sources housed in local Ukrainian archives providing information for case studies. "Internationalization joins Innovation: Applying the Uppsala Internationalization Process Model to the German and Swiss Pharmaceutical Industries before 1939". I am sorry for the delay but I have not been in the office last week. Tobias Cramer 200 words abstract: "So far the success of science-based industries, such as the pharmaceutical industry, has primarily been attributed to their R&D capabilities. Mainstream business history identifies the elaboration of innovative new pharmaceuticals as the prime driver of corporate growth and competitive advantage. However, extensive international marketing and sales networks have early been named one of the essential “organizational capabilities” of the German chemical industry (Beer 1959, Chandler 1990). Surprisingly, until today these networks have not been studied in depth. According to Mira Wilkins (1974) different stages in the internationalization process of (US-) firms can be identified. Building on similar observations of the Swedish Industry, Johanson and Vahlne (1977) build their internationalization process model which established what came to be known as the Uppsala school in international business. Their model explains corporate internationalization steps with increasing market knowledge generated in a learning process of local conditions. The dynamic learning process thus includes “time” as a key variable and is therefore predestined for historical research. This paper uses the Uppsala model to analyze the generation of international market knowledge by German and Swiss pharmaceutical firms before 1939. For the first time a data set of more than 100 unpublished agency contracts from more than a dozen major companies is analyzed."