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Study Guide
Name
Date
Energy, Matter, and Organization Test
Period
TERMS Know what each term means, what it may look like, and be able to explain what it is/how it works to someone else.
Energy forms (potential; kinetic)
Energy types (heat, chemical, etc)
Matter (atoms, molecules)
Photosynthesis
Light Reactions
Chlorophyll
ATP
NADPH
Calvin Cycle
Carbon Fixation
Cell Respiration
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport System
NADH, FADH2
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
ATP Synthase Carbohydrates
Protein
Amino Acids
Fatty Acids
Chemical Bonds
Enzymes
Inhibitors (Competitive vs. Non)
Food/Glucose
Starch
Inputs/Outputs of CR and PS
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll Absorption Graph
Mitochondrial Matrix
Mitochondria
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
Cytoplasm
Thylakoid
Heterotroph
Autotroph
pH
Acidity
Basicity
Neutral
Buffers
TIPS for Studying
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Find all assignments, lectures, and handouts listed above and revisit them.
Review Enzymes Quiz – go through all questions without looking at original answers.
Connect all of the above terms/concepts together.
a. One way to do this would be to pick three terms and form a sentence that uses all three terms in context.
b. Draw diagrams to help you remember difficult-to-remember terms.
Draw an enzyme/substrate complex before, during and after the reaction.
Explain factors that may affect enzyme reaction rate, photosynthetic rate, and cell respiration rate.
Explain how pH is used to measure photosynthetic rate in plants.
Explain what pH is and how buffered solutions work.
Draw a simple plant cell, showing a chloroplast and the nucleus. Show where chlorophyll is stored and label where these stages occur: conversion of light E  chemical E and Carbon
Fixation. Label all types of energy in each stage.
Label all the inputs and outputs of Photosynthesis.
Draw a simple cell, showing some mitochondria and the nucleus. Label where these stages occur: Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron Transport System
Label the inputs and outputs of Cell Respiration.
Connect any of the inputs and outputs. What do you see? What are the connections between cell respiration and photosynthesis?
List several forms of energy and possible energy transformations.
Complete the crossword puzzle below.
The Cycle of Energy and Matter
Across
2. The stage of cell respiration that takes place in the cell's
cytoplasm; The products of which include ATP and 2 molecules
of pyruvate.
5. A biomacromolecule made up of amino acids.
8. Anything (solid, liquid, gas) made up of atoms.
10. A by-product of cell respiration; It is formed during the
Kreb's Cycle.
11. An organism that is dependent on other organisms as
energy sources.
14. Fluid that fills the "empty space of eukaryotic cells; Where
cell organelles are suspended.
15. A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the
surroundings
16. An output of the first phase of photosynthesis; It is used to
power Carbon Fixation.
17. Examples include heat, sound, light. It is anything with the
ability to cause change in matter; It is contained and stored
within matter.
18. A smaller compartment within the chloroplast that stores
chlorophyll within its membrane.
19. A combination of reactions that use light energy and
atmospheric carbon dioxide to synthesize large energy-rich
molecules.
21. The incorporation of atmospheric CO2 into a carbohydrate
molecule.
22. These hold atoms together in an arranged order to form
molecules.
23. A six-carbon sugar that is produced in photosynthesis.
Down
1. The cell organelle that is the site of Kreb's Cycle
3. Thylakoids are embedded within this plant cell structure.
4. A by-product of photosynthesis; It is formed and released
during the first phase of photosynthesis.
6. The fluid that surrounds thylakoid stacks. Also the location in
which carbon fixation takes place.
7. The stage of cell respiration that takes in the products of
glycolysis and produces two ATP molecules.
9. A small, high-energy molecule that can be used by cells. It is
the by-product of glucose breakdown.
10. A series of reactions used by all living things that allows the
breakdown of food in order to obtain its stored energy.
12. The amount of energy required to raise one gram of water
by one degree Celsius; 1000 of these are what is reported on
food labels.
13. A pigment found in cells that appears green to our eyes.
15. A chemical reaction that releases heat into the
environment
20. An organism that is dependent only on itself for providing
itself with energy.
Compare and Contrast Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration by completing the table below:
Photosynthesis
Light Reactions
Carbon Fixation or
Calvin Cycle
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport
System
In which kind of cell does
this reaction take place?
In which part of the cell
does this reaction take
place?
Is oxygen required at this
step?
Is carbon dioxide an input
at this step?
What molecule(s) go(es)
into this reaction?
What molecule(s) come
out of this reaction?
What do these 2 processes have in common? Compare them by listing 2-3
similarities.
How are these 2 processes different? Contrast them by listing 2-3 differences.
Describe the role enzymes play in the breakdown of food molecules (and synthesis of different ones) In your response, include the following terms and underline when used:
enzyme, substrate.
Use the graph and data to the right to answer the following 2 questions.
1.
Assuming the y-axis is labeled “product”, why has the graph reached a “plateau”? In other words, why is the
reaction rate not continuing to increase as time passes?
(A) There are too many enzymes
(B) There are too many substrates
(C) There is not enough enzyme
(D) There is not enough substrate
2.
Which of the following changes would most likely increase the reaction rate?
(A) Raising the temperature
(B) Adding an acid to the reaction
(C) Lowering the temperature
(D) Lowering the pH
3.
Use the graphs to the right to choose the most accurate conclusion.
(A) Graph A represents the enzyme, amylase, being broken down by the substrate. Graph B shows the
products of amylase breakdown.
(B) Graph B can represent fatty acids after the substance in graph A was exposed to pepsin.
(C) Graph A can represent protein mixed with amylase and graph B shows glucose increasing as a result.
(D) Graph B can represent amino acids after the substance in graph A was exposed to pancreatic protease.
4.
In the grain storage explosion, energy was released from matter suddenly, however, when a cookie is consumed, no explosions occur inside our bodies. The body
releases the “energy stored in grain [food] in a more controlled way”. What is meant by this? (3)
5.
Use the following terms to complete the statement.
ATP, energy, enzymes, macromolecules, glucose, starch
Cellular respiration is the process by which ___________ convert the ____________________ stored in smaller molecules (such as __________________________) or in
__________________ (such as _________________ and glycogen) into the usable form of ____________ (i.e., the molecule or “currency” that can be used by our cells).
6.
Which of the following are the three stages of cell respiration, in order?
(A) Glycolysis, Electron transport chain, Kreb’s Cycle
(B) Electron transport chain, Kreb’s Cycle, Glycolysis
(C) Kreb’s Cycle, Glycolysis, Combustion
(D) Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron transport chain
20. During what stage of photosynthesis is oxygen gas (O2) produced?
(A) Calvin Cycle
(B) Carbon fixation
(C) Light reactions
(D) Absorption of light
7.
What is ATP and why is ATP important in living systems?
21. The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the
(A) Mitochondria
(B) Cytoplasm
(C) Stroma of the chloroplast
(D) Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
8.
What is energy?
9.
Compare and contrast potential energy and kinetic energy
10. Give an example of potential energy in a non living system
11. Give an example of potential energy in a living system
22. Dinitrophenol is a chemical compound that inhibits the normal functioning
of ATP synthase. What might happen to the pH of the inner thylakoid if a
chloroplast was exposed to this compound?
(A) Increase because of the H+ that are unable to move out
(B) Increase because of the H+ that are unable to move in
(C) Decrease because of the H+ that are unable to move in
(D) Decrease because of the H+ that are unable to move out
12. Give an example of kinetic energy in a non living system
23. Where does the carbon in glucose come from?
13. Give an example of kinetic energy in a living system
14. Where is energy stored in living organisms
24. What are the 2 major outputs of the light reactions that help complete the
process of photosynthesis?
and
15. What is matter made up of?
16. Give examples of one type of energy transforming into another type of
energy
25. Which types of organisms are able to perform photosynthesis? List 2.
and
Write out the chemical “reaction” (process) of photosynthesis.
17. Translate the word glycolysis. Why does it have this name?
18. Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called what?
(A) Thylakoids
(B) Grana
(C) Chloroplasts
(D) Plant cells
19. Colors of light that are most useful in photosynthesis are:
(A) Green, yellow, and orange
(B) Red, violet, and blue
(C) Infrared, red, and yellow
(D) Red, white, blue, and ultraviolet
Write out the chemical “reaction” (process) of cellular respiration.
Observe the 2 reactions side by side. What is unique/interesting about these two
chemical reactions.