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A Concept Map THE SENSORY ORGANS The Eye • The eye is the sensory organ related to vision. • It picks up light rays given off by light sources or reflected from objects. The Anatomy of the Eye Video • hBp://www.youtube.com/watch? v=fn6v3SkH0LI How it Works • The lens of the eye funcOons like a camera lens. • It changes shape depending on the distance of the object. How Does the Message get to Your Brain? • The nerve cells in the reOna are called photo-‐ receptors. – These receptors convert light into nerve impulses. • There are 2 kinds of photo-‐receptors: – Cones: Perceive colors – Rods: Perceive differences in light intensity How Does the Message get to Your Brain? • Nerve impulses are carried through the opOc nerve. • The opOc nerve leads to the brain, where informaOon is analyzed and processed. • This process happens for each eye. The Ear • The ear is the sensory organ associated with hearing. • It picks up sound and turns it into nerve impulses. • The ear is divided into 3 secOons: – The Outer Ear – The Middle Ear – The Inner Ear The Anatomy of the Ear Video • hBp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCyz8-‐ eAs1I How Sound Travels to the Brain • Sound waves are vibraOons in the air. • These vibraOons travel through the ear and into the cochlea. How Sound Travels to the Brain • The nerve cells (sensory receptors) lining the cochlea begin to vibrate. • This creates nerve impulses that travel to the the brain. • These impulses travel along the auditory nerve to get to the brain. The Skin • This is the sensory organ associated with touch. • It is a very large organ that covers the enOre surface of the body. • There are 3 disOnct layers: – The epidermis – The dermis – The hypodermis The Skin The Skin • There are different types of sensaOon for the skin: – TacOle sensaOons (touch, pressure) – Thermal sensaOons (heat, cold) – Painful sensaOons (pain) • There are special receptors for each of these sensaOons. These receptors lead to sensory nerves that lead to the brain. The results Scents: Number Scent 1 Lemon 2 Vinegar 3 Mint 4 Almond 5 Cinnamon 6 Banana 7 Raspberry 8 Orange 9 Vanilla 10 Coffee • Tastes: Different foods Sour Sweet Sweet Sweet BiBer Salty The Nose • The nose is the sensory organ associated with smell. Sensory receptors are located in the upper wall of the nasal cavity. The Nose • The part of the olfactory epithelium with most sensory receptors is called the olfactory bulb. • The olfactory bulb connects to the olfactory nerve. • The olfactory nerve transmits nerve impulses to the brain. The Tongue • This is a muscle scaBered with sensory receptors for taste. • The taste buds are the sensory receptors for taste. The Tongue • Humans are capable of tasOng 5 different tastes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sweet Sour Salty BiBer Umami (A recently named taste for foods like aged meat) • All taste buds can taste all 5 tastes. • There are 3 nerves that lead from the tongue to the brain. A Summary • SOmulus (light) ReOna Cones and Rods OpOc Nerve Brain • SOmulus (Sound) Cochlea Auditory Nerve Brain • SOmulus (Touch/pain/temperature) specific sensory receptor sensory nerve brain • SOmulus (Smell) Olfactory Epithelium Olfactory Bulb Olfactory Nerve Brain • SOmulus (taste) taste buds taste related nerves brain.