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Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Section Review 7-1 1. living things 2. structure; function 3. existing cells 4. nucleus; prokaryotes 5. organelles 6. prokaryotic cell 7. eukaryotic cell 8. The giant amoeba is 5000 times larger than the smallest bacterium. 9. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells carry out the functions required for living, and both contain cytoplasm as well as cell membranes. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not. 10. Eukaryotic; the cells of all multicellular living things, including humans, are eukaryotic. Section Review 7-2 1. b 2. g 3. a 4. c 5. f 6. d 7. e 8. Chloroplasts store energy in food molecules. Mitochondria release the energy stored in food molecules. Plants need chloroplasts and mitochondria because they require both functions. 9. Possible student answer: One function of lysosomes is to remove debris that might clutter a cell. This is analogous to the work a cleanup crew in a factory might perform. 10. A plant cell has cell walls and chloroplasts, structures not found in animal cells. An animal cell has the unique structures of lysosomes. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Section Review 7-3 ANSWER KEY most of the dribbling and another player to do most of the rebounding. 9. The tongue can move and taste, so it must have muscle and nervous tissue. A group of different tissues, like a tongue, is called an organ. 10. Tissues and organs are different levels of organizations in a multicellular organism. A tissue is a group of similar cells that performs a particular function, whereas an organ consists of groups of tissues that work together. Chapter Vocabulary Review 1. c 2. i 3. f 4. h 5. j 6. e 7. a 8. d 9. b 10. g 11. a 12. c 13. d 14. b 15. c 16. ribosome 17. rough endoplasmic reticulum 18. Golgi apparatus 19. Mitochondrion 20. chromosomes 21. diffusion 22. selective permeability 23. osmosis 24. facili-tated diffusion 25. active transport Enrichment 1. Morphogenesis is the process of cell differentiation, while histogenesis is the development of tissues. These processes are similar because they both involve changes during embryological development and both are required for the development of a multicellular organism. 2. The instructions for the process of histogenesis are stored in the chromosomes. 1. The cell membrane regulates what enters and Graphic Organizer leaves the cells and provides protection and support for the cell. 2. The dissolved molecules will slowly diffuse to the lower concentration side until an equilibrium is established. 3. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. 4. facilitated diffusion 5. active transport 6. hypertonic solution; Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink. 7. isotonic solution; There is equilibrium. Water will move both in and out of the cell, and the cell will not change shape. 8. hypotonic solution; Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell. 1. Plant cells 2. Chloroplasts 3. Cell wall 4. Mitochondria 5. Ribosomes 6. Genetic Section Review 7-4 1. Multicellular organisms contain specialized cells so that certain cells can perform particular functions in the organism. 2. Possible student answers include: Nerve cells: transmit information; Pancreatic cells: produce protein enzymes and compounds such as insulin; Red blood cells: transport oxygen; Muscle cells: contract and relax to move body parts. 3. 2 4. 4 5. 3 6. 1 7. A specialized cell performs a single life function. A unicellular organism performs all of its necessary life functions. 8. Possible student answer: The specialized cells of a multicellular organism are analogous to players on a basketball team who possess different skills. The team depends on one player to do Teaching Resources /Chapter 7 information/DNA Exploration Analyze and Conclude 1. Onion cells are generally rectangular, with some variation in size and shape. Cheek cells are flat and roughly circular. The onion cells have rigid cell walls and distinct nuclei, both of which stain with iodine. Students may be able to see vacuoles in the centers of onion cells and dark spots (other organelles) outside the nucleus. The cheek cells do not have cell walls. Students should be able to see cell membranes as well as the nucleus within each cell. They may also see other dark spots (other organelles). Cell walls protect the cell and provide support. The nucleus directs cell activities and is where genetic material is stored. Vacuoles store water and other materials. Cell membranes regulate what enters and leaves the cell. 2. Plant and animal cells both have cell membranes and nuclei. Plant cells have cell walls, whereas animal cells do not. 3. The concentration of water was greater inside the cells than in the salt solution, so osmotic pressure moved water out of the cells. The cytoplasm of the cells then shrank away from the cell walls. 4. In step 13, the cells shrank. Because the concentration of water was greater inside the cells than in the salt 93 solution outside the cells, water diffused out of the cells. In step 15, the cells expanded, and some may have burst. Because the concentration of water was greater in the distilled water than inside the cells, water diffused into the cells. 5. The cell membrane was involved. Water moves in and out of the cell by osmosis through the cell membrane. 6. The cell walls of the onion cells are strong enough to keep the cells from bursting. Animal cells do not have cell walls, so they may burst. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 94 Teaching Resources /Chapter 7