Download chapter 10: classification of microorganisms

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE
CHAPTER 10: CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define taxonomy and phylogeny
Discuss the advantages of the three-domain system
List the characteristics of Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Classification of viruses
Compare and contrast classification and identification of bacteria
Explain the purpose of Bergey’s Manual
I.
TAXONOMY
II.
A.
Definition: The science of the classification and nomenclature of living things
B.
Uses:
1.
Universal language versus common names
2.
Establishes the relationship between one group of organisms and another
3.
Allows us to differentiate between these groups of organisms
DOMAINS
A.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
B.
In 1978 Carl R. Woese proposed elevating the three cell types to a level above
kingdom, called DOMAIN
C.
Classification By Cell Type
Universal Ancestor
CELL
Cell Type
Cell Wall
Antibiotic Sensitivity
*rRNA loop
Examples
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
E. coli
Methanosarcina
Candida albicans
*Binds to ribosomal protein
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D.
Kingdoms
1.
Procaryotes (Bacteria and Archea): None Assigned
2.
Eucaryotes
4 Kingdoms
Fungi
Protists
Examples:
Helminths
Algae
E.
Animalia
Protozoa
Characteristics Of Eukarya
1.
Kingdom Fungi
Absorptive chemoheterotrophs that develop from spores
2.
Kingdom Protists mostly unicellular
a.
Algae
b.
Protozoa
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(Plantae)
(Not covered in
BIO 140)
3.
Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular ingestive heterotrophs
4.
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular photoautotrophs
III.
IV.
CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES
A.
Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea
Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
B.
Eukaryotes – see II.
C.
Viruses
IDENTIFYING BACTERIA: STANDARD REFERENCE IS BERGEY’S MANUAL OF
DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY
A.
Morphological Characteristics
B.
Differential Staining
C.
Biochemical Testing
D.
Serology
E.
DNA Probes (Nucleic Acid Hybridization)
F.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
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V.
CLASSIFICATION METHODS FOR BACTERIA
A.
Differential Staining
B.
DNA Base Composition
C.
rRNA Sequencing
D.
PCR
E.
DNA Probes (Nucleic Acid Hybridization)
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