Download Domains and Kingdoms Taxonomy Notes 2

Domains and Kingdoms Taxonomy Notes 2 Mr.Yeung Objec<ves •  3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms •  Bacteria and viruses The 3 Domains • 
• 
• 
• 
The 3 domains covers everything that is life Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Leave some space underneath each domain Domain bacteria •  Contains bacteria that does not have a cell membrane •  Instead, it has a cell wall that is made up of a substance called pep$doglycan •  Bacteria can be aerobic (needs O2) or anaerobic (does not need O2) •  Autotrophs (generate its own energy) or heterotrophs (needs to consume energy) Examples of bacteria •  Vibrio cholerae – cholera •  Salmonella typhi -­‐ typhoid fever •  Nisseria gonorrhoea – Gonorrhea •  Clostridium tetani -­‐
Tetanae •  Staphyloccocus aureus – Mul$ resistant bacteria •  Treponema pallidum – syphilis •  Mycobacterium tuberculosis – Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Viruses •  Viruses different from bacteria by that they are –  Smaller than bacteria –  Non-­‐living with a strand of gene<c material (RNA or DNA) –  No organelles –  Do not have pep<doglycan (an<bio<cs do not work!) •  Examples: –  HIV, Herpes, Measles, common cold, polio, smallpox hXp://htwins.net/scale2/ Scale of our Universe Domain Archaea •  Ancient organisms that are like eukaryotes and bacteria •  Does not have pep<doglycan and contains proteins of eukaryotes •  Extreme bacteria – found in hot springs, salty lakes or thermal vents on ocean’s floor! Domain Eukarya •  Contains your basic membrane-­‐bound cell nucleus and other membrane-­‐bound organelles. •  Broken down into 4 other kingdoms –  Kingdom Pro<sta –  Kingdom Fungi –  Kingdom Animalia –  Kingdom Plantae Organiza<on of Life Domain Archaea Eukarya Bacteria Kingdom Archaea Pro<sta Plantae Fungi Animalia Bacteria Tip: Keep a summary table like this Bacteria •  Microscopic – no membrane bound organelles •  Called prokaryotes (before a nucleus) •  DNA is found on a large circular chromosome in the nucleoid. •  Contains pep<doglycan •  Uses flagella for locomo<on •  Reproduces by binary fission Archaea •  Similar to bacteria but does not have pep<doglycan •  Found in extreme environments •  Some can live on CO2 and give off methane as waste product. Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Pro<sta •  Single celled organism •  Over 200,000 organisms •  They are s<ll eukaryotes (membrane bound organelles with nucleus) •  3 separate groups –  Protozoans (like animals) –  Plantlike (Algae) –  Funguslike (molds etc) 3 Pro<sts group comparison Animal like – protozoans •  Needs to ‘hunt’ for food (heterotrophs) •  4 groups – 
– 
– 
– 
Ciliophora Sarcodina Apicomplexa Zoomas<gina Plantlike pro<sts -­‐ algae •  Makes their own food •  Groups – 
– 
– 
– 
Diatoms Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Brown, green and red algae Funguslike pro<sts •  Feed on decomposing maXer for food •  Groups –  Slime molds –  Water molds –  Downy Mildew