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8th Grade Fourth Six Weeks Vocabulary TERM 8.9C Topographic Map Elevation Satellites Erosional Features Weathering Deposition Sediments Erosion Satellite Views 8.10B Weather Atmospheric Movement Air Pressure Barometer Air Mass High Pressure Air Mass Low Pressure Air Mass Warm Front Cold Front Weather Map Meteorologists DEFINITION A map showing changes in elevation of Earth’s surface Indicates height to which something is relative to sea level An object which is manmade and placed in orbit for various purposes including the ability to take aerial images of land features Earth’s surface that shows evidence of the natural processes of weathering and the erosion of weathered materials The mechanical or chemical processes that break rocks into smaller pieces The layering of sediments over time Small pieces of weathered rocks The movement of weathered rocks from one location to another Images taken over time that can be used for comparison and interpretation of erosional features The daily state of the atmosphere Global air circulation patterns within the atmosphere help to Earth by gravity and warmed as heat radiates from Earth; influenced by convection of warm less dense air (rises) and cold dense air (sinks) Atmospheric air pressure is the force exerted on Earth’s surface by the weight of the air above the surface An instrument that measures the amount of atmospheric pressure Cold air will sink placing pressure on the surface of the Earth; warm air rises placing less pressure on Earth’s surface An air mass with cold sinking air that places greater pressure on Earth’s surface. Air moves away from high pressure in a clockwise direction. High pressure systems bring cooler, dryer air and clear weather. An air mass with warm rising air that places less pressure on Earth’s surface. Air moves towards areas of low pressure in a counterclockwise direction. Low pressure systems bring stormy weather. Forms at the surface of Earth when a warm, moist air mass overtakes a cool, dense, and dryer air mass. Stormy weather occurs at the edge of the warm front. Forms at the surface of Earth when a cold, dry air mass overtakes a warmer, humid air mass. Stormy weather occurs at the edge of the cold front. A weather map or chart shows the weather conditions at a specific point in time over a specific region Scientists who studies the Earth’s atmosphere and the causes of weather conditions 8.10C Weather System Hurricane Kinetic Energy Ocean Currents Temperature Humidity Condensation Wind A specific set of weather conditions occurring in the lowest levels of the atmosphere, reflecting the configuration of air movement A large, tropical weather system consisting of an extreme low pressure air mass with heavy rains and wind speeds of at least 119km/h Energy of motion A directional movement of ocean water; surface currents result from steady winds over the ocean surface; deep currents result from density variations due to temperature and salinity differences Measure of average kinetic energy of particles of matter in an object; expressed in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit The change of liquid phase to gas phase The change from gas phase to liquid phase Movement of air created by convection in the atmosphere; moves from areas of high pressure to low pressure 8.10A Page 1 of 2 8th Grade Fourth Six Weeks Vocabulary TERM Thermal Energy Atmosphere Radiant Energy (heat) Wind Ocean Currents Air Pressure Coriolis Effect 8.7A Rotation Axis Tilt Revolution Seasons Hemisphere Equator 6.11B Gravity Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation Orbit Mass DEFINITION Energy radiated by hot objects such as the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation Mass of air surrounding the Earth that is made up of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and other trace gases Type of energy from the Sun; light Movement of air caused by convection in the atmosphere Surface currents are caused by the friction of wind over the surface of the ocean; deep ocean currents result from convection in the ocean due to temperature and salinity differences Atmospheric air pressure is the force on the surface of the Earth by the weight of the air above the surface The direction of air currents as a result of Earth’s rotation The spinning of Earth on its axis that causes day and night to occur The imaginary line extending from the North Pole to the South Pole going through the center of Earth The slant of Earth’s axis, which is 23.50 from vertical Earth’s year-long elliptical orbit around the Sun Weather changes due to varying amount of sunlight caused by the tilt of the Earth during revolution Upper and lower half of a sphere An imaginary line that wraps around the center of the Earth and separates the Earth into two equal hemispheres The force responsible for pulling objects toward each other The law that says every object in the universe attracts every other object A curved path followed by a satellite as it revolves around an object in space The amount of matter in an object or substance Page 2 of 2