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Parent Signature__________________________________ Name____________________________________ SCIENCE Study Guide Chapter 5: “Earth’s Weather” EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE The _________________ is the layer of (gas/ liquid/ or solid) closest to the surface of the Earth. It is the layer of the atmosphere where most of Earth’s weather occurs. It also contains _____ of the air in the atmosphere. As you get higher in the atmosphere, the space between particles (decreases/ increases) which causes the air pressure to (decrease/ increase). Therefore, the top of a mountain has (more/ less) air pressure than the base of a mountain. 1) What is air pressure? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 2) The lower the altitude, the (lower/ higher) the atmospheric pressure. 3) Name the three variables that can change air pressure._____________________________________________________________ 4) Mercury and aneroid are two types of ________________ that are used to measure ______________. 5) What would the weather conditions probably be like in an area with high barometric pressure? Would it have a high or low altitude? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________ 6) Name one place on earth that would most likely have low barometric pressure. Why (what are the weather conditions usually like____ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________ AIR CURRENTS AND WIND 7) What causes wind? __________________________________________________________________ 8) ___________________ of the Earth by the ___________ causes land and water temperatures to change. These changes in temperature cause winds that move air masses because of differences in ___________________. 9) What are global winds and what causes them? ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 10) _____________ is the movement of heat through a gas or liquid. In this process, warm air (rises/sinks), and the cold air (rises/sinks). 11) The Earth’s shape is one reason for different __________________________________ around the world. 12) What part of the Earth receives the most heat energy from the sun? __________________________ OCEANS AND AIR TEMPERATURE 13) What effect do oceans have on temperatures of places near the coast and places further inland? Why? _________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ 14) What are ocean currents and how do they affect weather and climate? Ongoing movement of ocean water. __________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ 15) An _______ is a change in weather conditions caused when a change in ocean currents leads to warmer temperatures at the surface of the ocean. These warmer temperatures cause air pressure to (rise/fall), causing winds to change direction. SEVERE WEATHER 16) Identify two properties that can be used to describe air masses (Hint: Think about the words you used to describe low-pressure or high-pressure conditions in questions 5 and 6). _________________________________________ 17) What is a front and what causes it? ___________________________________________ 18) What happens to the air right before a thunderstorm? ____________________________________________________________________________ 19) Explain how lightning is formed and how it causes thunder. ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 20) What is a hurricane and where is it formed? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 21) What happens in the eye of a hurricane? ________________________________________________________________________________________ PREDICTING THE WEATHER 22) In this country, weather fronts or systems move from N / E / S / W to N / E / S / W. 23) In high and low-pressure systems, air is moved to the (right/ left) because of the _____________ of the Earth. 24) What is a weather map and why might it be important for it to have symbols? _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 25) Weather forecasts depend on information gathered about ____________________ speed, and (temperature/ weather fronts) to predict weather. 26) Describe the kind of weather data each instrument gathers: a) Doppler Radar: ____________________________________________ b) Satellites Movement of ___________________________ Test: Friday, February 11, 2011