Download Environmental and Pollution Microbiology Exam 3 Review, LYoung

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Environmental and Pollution Microbiology
Exam 3 Review, LYoung material
1. Growth
µ = µm
What is µ ?
What is S ?
S
Ks + S
-b
What is µm ?
What is Ks ?
Can the Monod growth curve for 2 different organisms have different µm but the
same Ks? Can you draw them?
Can the Monod growth curve for 2 different organisms have the same µm but
different Ks? Can you draw them?
Can organism 1 have a higher µm and a lower Ks than organism 2 which would
have a lower µm and a higher Ks. Can you draw them?
Under each of the above conditions, can you identify which organism would out
compete the other under high S conc (higher than Ks) and which would grow better at low
S conc (lower than Ks)?
2. Understand what is Y (yield).
Why is Y so different for aerobes vs anaerobes (such as in wastewater treatment)?
3. What is generation time, doubling time?
4. In batch growth system, what is happening to cell conc? what is happening to
substrate conc?
5. In a batch growth curve, how would you determine doubling time?
6. In a batch growth curve, what is limiting cell growth in the stationary phase?
7. Regarding wastewater treatment processes, what is BOD, COD, bulking sludge?
8. Why are bacterial pathogens generally effectively removed by wastewater treatment
processes?
9. What is anaerobic treatment (anaerobic sludge digesters) generally used for in
wastewater treatment facilities?
10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of aerobic treatment processes?
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11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic treatment processes?
12. What are some common factors found in waterborne diseases?
13. What are the assumptions needed for effectively operating and using a continuous
flow bioreactor?
14. What variable is the steady state concentration of cells dependent on?
What variable is the steady state concentration of substrate dependent on?
15. Give an example of a bacterial waterborne disease, a viral waterborne disease, a
protozoan waterborne disease.
16. Why has standard water treatment processes failed to prevent waterborne disease in
the U.S. as recently as in 1990-2000?
17. What are some reasons that new infectious diseases have emerged and spread
rapidly and globally?
18. What makes Bacillis anthracis a potential bioweapon?
Environmental and Pollution Microbiology
Exam 3 review, JKukor material
1. Frequency and randomness of mutations
2. Classes of mutants
3. Replica plating
4. Types of mutations (and their consequences)
5. Mutagenic agents
6. DNA repair systems
7. Understand the design and utility of the Ames test
8. Exogenote vs. endogenote
9. Restriction/Modification systems. Understand the differences among Type I, Type II,
and Type III restriction endonucleases (methylation and restriction)
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10. Understand the details of homologous (=generalized) recombination (stretches of
DNA homolog, RecA, RecBCD). Understand the differences between homologous
recombination and site specific (=specialized) recombination.
11. Understand the basic details of Griffith’s transformation experiments (S and R
phenotypes; S1, S2, R1 and R2 serotypes). Understand the connection between Griffith’s
research, and Avery, McLeod and McCarty’s research.
12. Understand the concept of competence in transformation. Be able to differentiate
between the Streptococcus/Bacillus mode and the Neisseria/Haemophilus mode.
Understand the fate of the exogenote in transformation.
13. Differentiate natural from artificial transformation
14. Understand the details of generalized transduction. Understand the fate of the
exogenote in generalized transduction. Understand abortive transduction.
15. Be able to differentiate among F-plus, F-minus, and Hfr strains of E. coli.
16. Understand the basic features (genetic regions) of the F plasmid
17. Understand the basic process of conjugal plasmid transfer via conjugation (F pilus,
conjugation bridge, strand nicking at oriT, rolling circle replication)
18. Understand how Hfr strains are produced. Understand plasmids that can function as
episomes and the importance of insertion sequences in this process. Understand the
process of Hfr-mediated chromosome transfer. Be able to differentiate among Hfr, F-plus,
and F-minus strains of E. coli.
19. Understand the difference between self-transmissibility and chromosome mobilization
ability of plasmids.
20. Understand methods to detect plasmids
21. Be able to explain plasmid incompatibility groups, replication control, and plasmid
copy number per bacterial cell
22. Know the cellular properties associated with plasmids
23. Be able to explain the differences among insertion sequences, transposons and
integrons
24. Understand the basic process of transposition
25. Be able to explain the differences between conservative and replicative transposition