Download 15 Guided Reading

Name
Date
15 – Genetic Engineering
Read the assigned pages in the order that they are assigned and answer each question as you go.
15.1 Selective Breeding: Read Pages 419-420
Selective Breeding
- Define the following terms:
o Selective Breeding:
o Inbreeding:
o Hybridization:
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Describe an example of a crop developed through selective breeding:
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Give one disadvantage of inbreeding:
Increasing Variation
- How do people increase genetic variations in organisms?
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Define Biotechnology:
How do scientists introduce/cause mutations in bacteria?
o Give one use for this technology:
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Why are polyploidy plants developed?
o Give one example:
14.3 – The Human Genome Project: Read pages 403-404
Manipulating DNA
- What techniques are used to study human DNA?
Cutting DNA
- Because DNA molecules are too large to analyze, what must scientists do first?
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What substances are used to cut DNA?
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The pieces of DNA that they form are called
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Of the hundreds of known Restriction Enzymes,
Separating DNA
- What do scientists do to separate the restriction fragments?
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Briefly describe how gel electrophoresis works:
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The pattern of bands on the gel is based on
o Why?
Reading DNA
- Read this section and Review Figure 14-10
15.2 Recombinant DNA: Read pages 421-427
Copying DNA
Finding Genes
- After separating gene fragments as described in 14.3, the next job is to find specific genes.
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What is the GFP protein and where is it found?
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How did Douglas Prasher determine the likely mRNA sequence of the GFP gene?
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How did he find the matching mRNA sequence in the cell?
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How did he find the DNA fragment containing the GFP gene?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- What does Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) allow scientists to do?
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What are primers?
o Why are they used?
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Read Figure 15-7 and summarize the process of PCR:
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Changing DNA
- During Transformation,
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Combining DNA Fragments
- What do ‘synthesizers’ do in genetic engineering?
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What is recombinant DNA?
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See Figure 15-8. Summarize how recombinant DNA is produced:
Plasmids and Genetic Markers
- What did scientists add to make sure a cell was copying the recombinant DNA added to it?
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What are plasmids?
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How do genetic engineers use plasmids?(see figure 15-10)
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What are genetic markers used for?
Transgenic Organisms
- What are transgenic organisms?
Transgenic Plants
- Why is Argobacerium used to make transgenic plants?
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What other way can traits be added to plant cells?
Transgenic Animals
- How is DNA be added to animal cells?
Cloning
- What is a clone?
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Summarize the prceoss of making a clone: (see Fig 15-12)
15.3 Applications of Genetic Engineering
Agriculture and Industry
- What are the potential benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture?
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Describe 2 benefits/uses of GM crops:
o
o
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Describe 2 benefits/uses of GM animals:
o
o
Health and Medicine
- How can recombinant DNA technology improve human health?
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Summarize the 4 potential uses for genetic engineering in medicine:
o
o
o
o
Personal Identification
- What is DNA fingerprinting?
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What is Forensics?
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How do paternity test work?
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What is mtDNA?
o How can it be used?
Answer the following Assessments on a separate paper:
15.1, pg 420: #s 1b, 2a
15.2, pg 427: #s 1a, 2a, 3a
15.3, pg 434: #s 1a, 2a, 3a-b
15 Assessment, pg 442-3: #s 1-3, 5, 8-13, 18-20