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How are molecules transported? • Organ systems work together to transport and use molecules in plants and animals. • The circulatory system transports molecules in the blood of animals. • Xylem and phloem vessels transport water and sugars in plants. Key words: 1. Diffusion: The movement of particles of a fluid from a high concentration to a low concentration, down the concentration gradient. 2. Osmosis: The movement of water form an area of low concentration of solutes to an area of high concentration of solutes, across a partially permeable membrane. 3. Active Transport: The movement of particles of a fluid from a low concentration to a high concentration, up the concentration gradient. This requires energy. 4. Mass Transport: The movement of large amounts of molecules around a whole organism. 5. Key Nutrients: Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids 6. Heart: An organ that pumps blood around the body, and nutrients with it. 7. Blood vessels: Arteries, veins and capillaries, these carry blood. 8. Heart Disease: A condition where the coronary arteries can become clogged. Can lead to heart attacks if not treated. 9. Vascular Tissue: Xylem and phloem cells, used in plants to transport water and sugars. What are the components of blood? • Blood has four main parts: Red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma. • Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. • White blood cells fight pathogens. • Platelets cause clots and scabs for protection. • Plasma contains the rest and carries other nutrients. • • • Arteries – blood vessels that carry blood Away from the heart. They have thick muscular walls to withstand high pressure. Veins – blood vessels that carry blood IN to the heart. Veins have valves. They have thinner muscular walls since the pressure isn’t very high. Capillaries – small blood vessels that carry blood everywhere in the body where there aren’t veins or arteries. They have thin leaky walls for gas exchange. Year 11 B3 Revision Questions 1. Define diffusion. 2. Define Osmosis. 3. Define active transport. 4. Draw and label the heart. 5. Explain the differences between the three types of blood vessel. 6. Describe the four components of blood. 7. Describe heart disease. 8. Suggest treatments for heart disease. 9. Evaluate a treatment for heart disease. 10.Describe Xylem and phloem cells and state what they transport. 11.Describe the transpiration stream. 12.Describe translocation.