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Circulatory System Study Guide
Circulatory System Vocabulary
□ aorta: large artery that sends blood from the heart to the body
□ arteries: blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body (red)
□ veins: carry oxygen-poor blood from the body back to the heart (blue)
□ capillaries: tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins, distribute oxygen and
nutrients into the body, and pick up carbon dioxide and waste from the body (material
passes in and out of them)
□ hemoglobin: iron-rich substance in red blood cells which carries carbon dioxide and
oxygen
□ plasma: liquid part of blood, made mostly of water
□ coagulation: blood becomes a soft solid (clot)
□ platelets: aid blood clotting (coagulation) to help stop bleeding
□ red blood cells: carry nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
□ white blood cells: destroy bacteria which invade the body
□ pulmonary arteries and veins: blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
□ blood pressure: the measure of pressure of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels
□ pulse: as the heart pumps, the stretchy tubes swell and shrink
□ transfusion: transfer of blood from one person to another
□ The human heart is about the size of your fist and tilts a little to the left.
□ There are four types of blood: A, B, AB, and O.
□ William Harvey: A scientist of the 17th century who was the first to discover that the
heart was the central organ that pumped blood throughout the body.
□ Charles Drew: A scientist of the early 1900’s who discovered that blood plasma could be
used in place of whole blood for transfusions, making it possible for blood products to be
stored and shipped in time to save lives.
□ The spleen removes dead read blood cells and platelets, and recycles what it can.
□ The liver helps filter your blood and remove harmful substances and waste.
□ Fat deposits over time in the blood vessels. If enough fat builds up, blood vessels can
become blocked, which can cause a heart attack due to lack of oxygen.
□ Heart-healthy foods are found especially in the fruits and vegetables groups, and the
breads, rice, cereal, and pasta group of the food pyramid. Iron and vitamin C are especially
helpful to the circulatory system. Be prepared to name a few foods from these groups
that are heart-healthy.
□ Keep your heart drug free and exercise regularly to keep it strong and oxygenated.
□ Study the diagram below. Be prepared to label each part.