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Monday December 14 Tuesday December 15 Unit Question What is energy? Guiding Question / Learning Target Identify types of energy, its transfers and transformations. Warm-up What is energy? Agenda 1. Energy Notes 2. Energy Comic Quiz Friday Homework Quizzes coming back Retake today or Thursday A.T. if you got under 11 The Science of Physics Matter and Energy • The universe consists of only matter and energy • The amount of matter and energy has remained constant since the beginning of time!!! What is energy? The ability to do work! Kinetic energy is the energy of MOTION Anything in motion – a flywheel, a car, even a stream of water can do work until its motion stops Potential Energy exists because of the relative POSITION of two objects. If an object is raised above the surface of the earth, it can do work if allowed to fall (Water behind a dam – gravitational potential) A spring which is pushed is another example – elastic potential Energy can be transformed from one type to the other… ENERGY SHOWS UP IN DIFFERENT FORMS Energy Review Guided Notes! Decide which types are kinetic or potential energy Gravitational Electrical Radiant (Light) Nuclear (energy stored in atoms) Thermal (Heat) Motion Stored Mechanical (elastic energy) Sound Chemical (energy stored in food) FORMS of energy Kinetic Energy Forms Electrical Energy Radiant (Light) Thermal (Heat) Motion Sound Potential Energy Forms Chemical Elastic (Bouncy or Springy) Nuclear Gravitational Energy Can Be Transferred: Energy transfer describes the process of transferring energy from one location or object to another. The two ways that energy can be transferred are by doing work (Changing an object’s motion energy) and heat transfer (Changing an object’s temperature) If you were to drop a book into a pool, the motion energy from this book will transfer into the water causing it to make a splash and creating waves. Energy Transfers When energy is transferred from one object or location to another The type of energy REMAINS the SAME in an energy transfer Thermal energy from the sun is transferred to the person, making them warmer List the Energy Transfers Taking Place List the Energy Transfers Taking Place Energy can be TRANSFORMED: An energy transformation takes place when energy is transformed from one type of energy to another. During ALL energy transformations heat is transferred (lost) to the surrounding environment. Transformations involving potential forms of energy always go to kinetic, but kinetic forms can change between types of kinetic or to potential. Energy Transformations When energy is changes forms from one type of energy to another Heat energy is transferred (lost) to the surrounding environment during ALL energy conversions but total amount of energy remains the same. Chemical energy in the battery is converted to electrical energy then to light energy. Some energy is lost as heat to the surrounding environment List the Energy Transformations Taking Place List the Energy Transformations Taking Place Transfer vs. Transformation In energy transfers, energy moves from one object to another In energy transformations, energy types changes. The Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms or locations. How does the picture describe the Law of Conservation of Energy? Will the girl swing forever? Why or why not? Following Energy’s Trail If energy is conserved, why do objects that are moving eventually stop (seem to lose energy)? The energy is converted to other forms This is why perpetual motion is impossible Energy Comic Draw a comic for an action that uses energy. Examples) falling down stairs, shooting rubber band, driving car, throwing a ball Comic needs to be three panels (begin, middle, end of action) Label energies present Label the transfers/transformations Comic Example Motion energy, Gravitational energy All energy from panel one, Sound energy All energy from panel one, sound energy (when he hits the ground) Transfer: energy from Calvin moving his legs transfers to swing and moves it. Transformation: potential gravitational energy becomes kinetic energy Transfer: Energy from swing transfers to Calvin’s body, pushing him off swing Transformation: Calvin’s motion energy (in throat) turns to sound energy Transfer: some of Calvin’s movement energy is transferred to the air molecules Transformation: when Calvin hits the ground, his movement energy will turn into sound energy (THWUMP)! Exit Question What are the two categories of energy? Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy