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General Adaptation Syndrome – Internet Assignment
Please go to the following website:
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/body1a.htm
1. Define General Adaptation Syndrome.
2. Name three stressors that lead to General Adaptation Syndrome.
3. What are the three stages of GAS?
4. Stressful conditions are monitored by the _________________, which sends
nerve impulses to the ______________ effectors and the _____________ glands.
5. Autonomic Effectors
a. lungs - These are affected by the ____________ of bronchiole airways.
This allows more ______________ to enter the bloodstream.
i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation.
b. fat and liver cells - These release more ___________ into the bloodstream.
i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation.
c. heart – Heart rate increases to increase _____________________ and
_____________________ so blood moves through the body more rapidly.
i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation.
d. blood vessels – Dilation of the blood vessels leading to the __________,
___________, _________, __________ and ___________. Constriction
of blood vessels leading to the _________, ___________ and
___________________________.
i. Explain the importance of this response to a stressful situation.
6. The nerve impulses to the adrenal _______________ of the adrenal glands leads
to the production of the hormones _______________________ and
___________________________.
a. What is the purpose of this action?
7. The alarm reaction is also called the _______________________________
response. It involves the rapid stimulation of several autonomic effectors.
a. Leads to increased blood flow to those organs that are equipped to reduce
the stress.
b. Supplies for increased energy (glucose and oxygen) to the cells for
increased ATP production—remember cellular respiration.
8. Explain the purpose of the resistance reaction.
9. The ___________________ secretes a number of __________________
hormones that signal the _________________ pituitary to release several
hormones.
Hypothalamus – Releasing Hormones
TRH GHRH CRH -
Anterior Pituitary - Hormones
TSH hGH ACTH -
10. ACTH – a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone
stimulates the adrenal ____________ to release the hormones _____________
and _________________.
11. TSH – a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone
stimulates the _______________ gland to release the hormones T3 and T4, better
know as triiodothyronine and ________________.
12. hGH – a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone
stimulates the conversion of ________________ to glucose. It also stimulates the
breakdown of _________.
13. Aldosterone – a hormone released by the adrenal cortex. This hormone causes the
increase of ___________________ by causing the kidney to retain ___________
ions (which lead to the retention of __________). Aldosterone also leads to the
excretion of ____________ ions, so blood pH does not become too _____ during
times of stress.
14. Cortisol – a hormone released by the adrenal cortex. This hormone acts to
increase _______________________ levels. It does this by breaking down ____
and _______________ molecules (from fats and muscle). The _____________
then uses these non-carbohydrate sources to make new ______________
molecules. Cortisol also decreases ___________________, and restricts blood
flow to areas that may be bleeding, so _____________________________ is
maintained.
15. Thyroid hormones (thyroxine) – hormone released by the thyroid gland. This
hormone increases the metabolism of ______________ to allow for the formation
of ________ in the body cells.
16. The resistance reaction maintains the high level of ____________ flow started in
the alarm reaction. The levels of ____________ remaining high in the cells.
Water is ______________ by the kidney and blood pH is regulated. Dangerous
levels of ____________________ from infection are reduced. Ultimately, the
resistance reaction helps the body to cope with long-term stress situations.
17. Exhaustion occurs when the resistance reaction can no longer overcome the stress.
The body’s resources become depleted. Name four signs of exhaustion.
Fill in the blank.
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/body1c.htm
18. Go to the above site and fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms.