Download Bio 103 Lecture - Plants, Fungi and the Coloni

Biology 103 Lecture
Plants, Fungi and the Colonization of Land (Chapter 17)
Study Guide
Dr. Largen
What is a plant
• what are the general characteristics of plants?
• into which domain and kingdom of life are the plants classified?
• what are the differences between a plant and a multicellular green algae?
• what adaptations did plants make to survive on land as compared to algae which thrive in
water?
• what is a cuticle?
• what are stomata?
• how does a land plant hold itself upright?
• what is vascular tissue and what is its function?
• what is the mode of nutrition of plants?
• what are gametangia?
Plants probably evolved from green algae called charophytes
• what are some homologous features of green algae and plants?
• what modern green alga is thought to resemble an early plant ancestor?
• what are charophytes?
Plant diversity provides clues to the evolutionary history of the plant kingdom
• what are the four major groups of plants?
• what are the major characteristics of nonvascular, nonseed plants?
• what are the major characteristics of vascular, nonseed plants?
• what are the major characteristics of vascular, seed, nonflowering plants?
• what are the major characteristics of vascular, seed, flowering plants?
Haploid and diploid generations alternate in plant life cycles
• how are the life cycles of plants different from those of animals?
• what is the alternation of generations life cycle?
• what are the two generations of the alternation of generations life cycle?
• what is a gametophyte?
• what is a sporophyte?
• which is the diploid generation?
• which is the haploid generation?
• is a zygote diploid or haploid?
• are the spores produced by the sporophyte haploid or diploid?
Mosses have a dominant gametophyte
• a moss is a representative of which of the four major plant groups?
• do mosses have vascular tissue?
• do mosses produce seeds?
• do mosses produce flowers?
• do the sperm of mosses have flagella?
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is water required in order for fertilization to occur?
which generation is dominant in the mosses?
which generation is dependent on the other in the mosses?
Ferns, like plants, have a dominant sporophyte
• a fern is a representative of which of the four major plant groups?
• do ferns have vascular tissue?
• do ferns produce seeds?
• do ferns produce flowers?
• do the sperm of ferns have flagella?
• is water required in order for fertilization to occur?
• which generation is dominant in the ferns?
• is the sporophyte generation dependent on the gametophyte in the ferns?
A pine tree is a sporophyte with tiny gametophytes in its cones
• a pine tree is a representative of which of the four major plant groups?
• what is a gymnosperm?
• do pine trees have vascular tissue?
• do pine trees produce seeds?
• are the seeds of pine trees "naked" or "enclosed"?
• do pine trees produce flowers?
• do the sperm of pine trees have flagella?
• is water required in order for fertilization to occur?
• which generation is dominant in the pine trees?
• which generation is dependent of the other in the pine trees?
Angiosperms dominate most landscapes today
• a flowering plant is a representative of which of the four major plant groups?
• do flowering plants have vascular tissue?
• do flowering plants produce seeds?
• are the seeds of angiosperms "naked" or "enclosed"?
• do flowering plants produce flowers?
• do the sperm of flowering plants have flagella?
• is water required in order for fertilization to occur?
• which generation is dominant in the flowering plants?
• which generation is dependent of the other in the flowering plants?
• how numerous are angiosperms relative to the other groups of plants?
• what are some of the adaptations that account for the success of the angiosperms?
The flower is the centerpiece of angiosperm reproduction
• what are the four main organs of a flower?
• what is a flower?
• what are the sepals?
• what are the petals?
• what are the stamens?
• what are the carpels?
• what is the stigma?
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what is the ovary?
what is the ovule?
from which structure do seeds develop?
from which structure do fruits develop?
which structure traps the pollen?
which are the male reproductive structures?
which are the female reproductive structures?
The angiosperm plant is a sporophyte with gametophytes in its flowers
• do angiosperms exhibit an alternation of generations life cycle?
• what is pollination?
• what is the difference between pollination and fertilization ?
• how long does it take gymnosperms to produce seeds?
• how long does it take angiosperms to produce seeds?
Fungi and plants moved onto land together
• are plants and fungi involved in mutually beneficial relationships?
• what are mycorrhizae?
• what role did relationships between plants and fungi play in the ability of both to successfully
colonize land?
• where can fungi be found?
Fungi absorb food after digesting it outside their bodies
• into what domain and kingdom of life are the fungi classified?
• are fungi autotrophic or heterotrophic?
• which types of fungi are unicellular?
• which types of fungi are multicellular?
• what are hyphae?
• what is a mycelium?
• do fungi have cell walls?
• what are the cell walls of fungi made of?
• are fungi motile?
Many fungi have three distinct phases in their life cycle
• what are the three distinct phases in the life cycles of most fungi (other than yeast)?
• what are the characteristics of the dikaryotic phase?
• what is the fruiting body?
• what are mating types?
• do fungi have sperm or eggs?
• do some fungi cells have more than one nucleus?
Lichens consist of fungi living mutualistically with photosynthetic organisms
• what is a lichen?
• what are the two components of lichens?
• which is the heterotrophic component of a lichen?
• which is the autotrophic component of a lichen?
• what two types of autotroph that can live in lichens?
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what does the heterotrophic organism contribute and gain from this relationship?
what does the autotrophic organisms contribute and gain from this relationship?