Download GENETICS TEST

Name_________________________________________ Date _____________ Per ___
GENETICS STUDY GUIDE
1. What is heredity?
2. Describe two differences between mitosis and meiosis.
3. How are eggs and sperm different from skin cells and muscle cells?
4. Explain the difference between a chromosome and a gene.
5. Explain the difference between a gene and an allele.
6. Give an example of a genotype and a phenotype for eye color.
7. Give two examples of homozygous genotypes and two examples of heterozygous
genotypes.
8. Why do scientists use Punnett Squares? (Hint: What does the inside of the box tell
us?)
9. What does the prefix “homo” mean and what does “hetero” mean?
10. Which parent determines the gender of the offspring?
11. Jackson has brown eyes (B), which is dominant over blue eyes (b), the recessive
trait. Jackson is heterozygous for his brown eye color and marries Esperanza, a woman
with blue eyes. From this information, please fill in the following blanks with the proper
choice below.
The genotype of Jackson’s heterozygous brown eyes is __________, while
Esperanza’s homozygous blue eye genotype is __________.
Name_________________________________________ Date _____________ Per ___
12. Listed below are 4 sets of genotypes. Which trait is an example of INCOMPLETE
DOMINANCE?
FACE SHAPE
AA, Aa, aa
a.
b.
c.
d.
CLEFT CHIN
EE, Ee, ee
EYE DISTANCE
CC, CF, FF
EYE SHAPE
SS, Ss, ss
face shape
cleft chin
eye distance
eye shape
Directions: Use the word bank to complete each statement.
chromosomes
probability
zygote
homologous chromosomes
heredity
karyotype
DNA
13. Genes are located on _______________.
14. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _______________.
15. The mathematical chance that an event will occur is called _______________.
16. Chromosome pairs that contain similar information are called _______________.
17. The cell that forms when the egg and the sperm combine is called a
_______________.
18. This picture allows scientists to view human chromosomes in an organized manner
_______________.
19. The molecule that coils around proteins to form chromosomes. It is considered the
“code of life.” _______________
Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
20. Explain in as much detail as you can- what is incomplete dominance? You may
draw a picture if needed.
21. Explain the difference (in as much detail as you can) between dominant and
recessive traits.
22. What is a karyotype and why do scientists use them?
Name_________________________________________ Date _____________ Per ___
Directions: Use your knowledge of genetics to complete this section.
TRAIT
Body shape
Body color
Eye shape
Nose style
DOMINANT GENE
Squarepants (S)
Yellow (Y)
Round (R)
Long (L)
RECESSIVE GENE
Roundpants (s)
Blue (y)
Oval (r)
Stubby (l)
Directions: Use the information for SpongeBob’s traits to write the PHENOTYPE
for each item.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
LL- ______________
yy- ______________
Ss- ______________
RR- ______________
Rr- ______________
ll- ______________
ss- ______________
Yy- ______________
Directions: Use the information in the chart above to write the genotype (or
genotypes) for each trait below.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Yellow body- ______________
Roundpants- ______________
Oval eyes- ______________
Long Nose- ______________
Stubby nose- ______________
Round eyes- ______________
Squarepants- ______________
Blue body- ______________
Directions: Determine the genotypes for each using the information in the chart
above.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Heterozygous round eyes- ___
Purebred squarepants- ___
Homozygous long nose- ___
Hybrid yellow body- ___
Name_________________________________________ Date _____________ Per ___
Directions: Use a Punnett Square to answer the following questions.
SpongeBob’s grandma and grandpa, SpongeEthyl and SpongePhillip have the biggest
round eyes in the family. Ethyl is believed to be heterozygous for her round eye shape,
while Phyllip’s family brags that he is homozygous. Complete the Punnett Square to
show the possibilities that would result if SpongeEthyl and SpongePhyllip had children.
Give the genotype for each person.
43. Genotype for Ethyl- _____
44. Genotype for Phyllip- _____
45. Complete a Punnett Square to show the possibilities that would result if they had
children.
46. List the possible genotypes for the kids. ____________________________
47. List the possible phenotypes for the kids. ____________________________
48. What is the probability that the kids will have round eyes? ___%
49. What is the probability that the kids will have oval eyes? ___%
50. Squidward’s nephew who is heterozygous for the light blue body color, married a
girl who is homozygous dominant. (green skin is recessive) Create a Punnett square to
show the possibilities that would result if they had children. List the possible genotypes
and phenotypes of the offspring. Are they capable of having green kids?
The next questions have to do with INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE!!
Write the correct GENOTYPE for each color if Y represents a yellow allele and B
represents a blue allele.
51. Yellow- _____
52. Blue- _____
53. Green- _____
54. What would happen if SpongeBob crossed two green jellyfish (goobers)? Complete
the Punnett Square to show the probability for each goober color.
55. List the possible genotypes of the offspring. ____________________________
56. List the possible phenotypes for the offspring. ____________________________
57. How many of the jellyfish will be yellow? ___%
58. How many of the jellyfish will be blue? ___%
59. How many of the jellyfish will be green goobers? ___%