Download Genetics Study Guide 2013

Genetics Study Guide
1) What is the relationship between a chromosome, nucleus, and gene?
2) What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?
3) What is a genotype? Phenotype?
4) What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous genotypes?
5) Put these words in order from broadest category to most specific: gene, chromosome, DNA, genome
6) What is a Punnett Square? Do they help predict probability?
7) What is a gene? What is an allele?
8) What is incomplete dominance? Is it common in nature?
9) What is codominance?
10) What are sex-linked traits?
11) What does the law of segregation say?
12) What does the law of independent assortment say?
13) What is probability?
14) What do you use a test cross for?
15) Can you see genotypes? Can you see phenotypes?
16) What is the structure of DNA?
17) What are the 4 nucleotides and which ones hook together (Base-Pairing Rule)?
18) What are purebreds? What are hybrids?
19) What is self-pollination? Cross pollination?
20) What allows different tissues that have the same DNA to function differently? (example: your skin cells and
heart cells)
21) What are multiple alleles?
22) What phenotypic ratio do you get when you cross two heterozygous organisms?
23) Huntingdon’s disease is a fatal disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of the nervous system.
The symptoms of this disease usually begin to develop in middle age. It is caused by a dominant allele (H). A
man heterozygous for the Huntington’s allele marries a woman who has the homozygous recessive genotype.
They plan to have children. What is the probability that they will have a child who develops Huntington’s
disease later in life? Use a Punnett Square to help answer the question.
24) In dogs, a dominant allele (W) produces wire-haired fur. The recessive allele (w) produces smooth fur. A
homozygous wire-haired male is mated to a female with smooth hair. Create a Punnett square to show the
possibilities that would result if these two dogs had puppies together.
a) List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the puppies.
b) What is the probability that the puppies would have wire-hair?
c) What is the probability that the puppies would have smooth hair?
25) Describe how you would use a test cross to determine the genotype of an individual.