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center for health and aging
Health Information Technology and Policy Lab
HIT Primer
Brandon Savage, Chief Medical Officer,
GE Healthcare Integrated IT Solutions
Computerized Clinician Order Entry (CCOE)
See Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE).
Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)
A computer application that allows physicians to enter orders for diagnostic and treatment services (such
as medications, laboratory, and other tests) electronically instead of being recorded on order sheets or
prescription pads. The computer compares the order against standards for dosing, checks for allergies or
interactions with other medications, and provides information to physician about potential problems.
Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine (DICOM)
DICOM is a global information technology standard used in virtually all hospitals worldwide. It is designed
to manage all types of medical images and to ensure the interoperability of systems used to produce,
store, display, process, send, retrieve, query, or print medical images and derived structured documents.
See http://medical.nema.org
Electronic Health Record (EHR)
Real-time patient health record with access to evidence-based decision support tools used by clinicians
to aid in decision-making. The EHR can automate and streamline a clinician’s workflow, ensuring that all
clinical information is communicated. EHRs can also prevent delays in response that result in gaps in care
and can support the collection of data for uses other than clinical care, such as billing, quality management,
outcome reporting, and public health disease surveillance and reporting.
See EMR.
Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
An online version of a patient’s medical chart created in a hospital or ambulatory setting, where information
is entered either digitally or scanned into the record from a paper-based source.
See EHR.
Electronic Prescribing (eRx, e-prescribing)
Computer technology that enables physicians to use handheld or personal computer devices to review drug
and formulary coverage and to transmit prescriptions to a printer or to a local pharmacy. E-prescribing
software can be integrated into existing clinical information systems so physicians can access patient-specific
information to screen for drug interactions and allergies.
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Health Information Exchange (HIE)
The electronic mobilization of healthcare information across organizations through shared
infrastructure between organizations. Shared community-level information services are
built once for many users. Examples include results delivery, historical patient information
(such as a prescribed medication diagnoses), and other health information, which are
supported by regional implementation of technologies. These technologies may include a
document sharing registry, secure Web portal, healthcare terminology translation tools, a
master patient index (MPI), authentication and authorization infrastructure, and products
that aggregate information from multiple sources.
Health Information Management Systems Society
(HIMSS)
An international healthcare industry member organization focused on providing global
leadership in the use of HIT and management systems in providing quality patient care.
See http://www.himss.org
Health Information Technology (HIT)
The application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software
that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of healthcare information, data, and
knowledge for communication and decision making. Examples of HIT include electronic
health record systems, radiology information systems, picture archiving and communication
systems, laboratory information systems, administrative and billing systems, and workflow
systems.
Health Level 7 (HL7)
HL7 is the international standards-setting organization that develops standards for healthcare
and is the interface standard for communication between various systems employed in the
medical community. HL7 adopted a standard for clinical document architecture, a standard
for the functionality of an EHR and a standard reference information model.
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)
IHE is a global initiative by healthcare professionals and vendors around the world to
improve the way computer systems in healthcare share information. IHE promotes
the coordinated use of established standards, such as DICOM and HL7, to address
specific clinical and administrative interoperability needs in support of optimal patient
care. Compatibility of vendors’ product implementations of the IHE standards-based
profiles are tested at Connectathons, held primarily in North America and Europe.
See http://www.ihe.net
International Standardization Organization, Health
Informatics Technical Committee (ISO TC 215)
A committee in the field of information for health, and health information and
communications technology (ICT) to achieve compatibility and interoperability between
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HIT Primer
independent systems. These groups ensure compatibility of data for comparative statistical
purposes (e.g. classifications) and reduce duplication of effort and redundancies.
Interoperability
The ability of disparate HIT systems to share patient information effectively and to use that
shared information to create a lifetime patient record that is the basis of patient-centered
care.
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Master Patient/Person Index (MPI)
A way to uniquely identify a patient in relation to their medical records.
Organization for the Advancement of Structured
Information Standards (OASIS)
A nonprofit, international consortium whose goal is to promote the adoption of productindependent standards for information formats, such as Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML). Currently, OASIS (formerly known as SGML Open) is working to bring together
competitors and industry standards groups with conflicting perspectives to discuss using
XML as a common web language that can be shared across applications and platforms.
Pay for Quality (P4Q)/Pay for Performance (P4P)
A method of providing incentives, both financial and recognition, for quality outcomes in
healthcare, rather than paying simply for services.
Personal Health Record (PHR)
A single source of medical information maintained by a patient, in either electronic or
paper form. PHRs can include information that is recorded by the patient (rather than by a
provider), such as exercise routines, dietary habits, or daily glucose readings.
Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO)
An independent corporation intended to operate an exchange of clinical health information
among competing stakeholder organizations supporting multiple use cases. A RHIO is
the organization through which most HIE services are selected, developed, and delivered
(although technical implementation might be performed by contracted third parties).
Remote Medicine
See Telemedicine.
Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED®)
Provides a common language that enables a consistent way of indexing, storing, retrieving,
and aggregating clinical data across specialties and sites of care. SNOMED® International,
the national bureau of asian research
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a division of the College of American Pathologists, maintains the technical design, the core
content architecture, the core content and related technical documentation.
Telemedicine
Involves the electronic exchange of medical information between different sites in order
to provide care to the patient. Telemedicine includes consultation between providers,
diagnosis, and even treatment—for example, allowing intensive care specialists to monitor
remote or rural hospital ICUs.
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