Download Present progressive

Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
4
Present progressive
In English The present progressive is used to refer to actions that are in progress
at the present time. It is formed by combining the present tense of to be with the present participle, or -ing form of the verb.
My brothers are working at the restaurant.
The present progressive is also used to talk about future events in English.
Next year I’m going to Puerto Rico.
A
Rewrite the following sentences in the present progressive.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
My nieces are sleeping.
My nieces sleep. ____________________________________________
________
My dad watches television. _______________________________________________________
My brothers play cards. __________________________________________________________
I make dinner. _________________________________________________________________
My mother helps me.____________________________________________________________
My grandfather reads. ___________________________________________________________
My aunt walks the dog. __________________________________________________________
The children play games. _________________________________________________________
In Spanish The present progressive is also used to talk about actions that are
in progress at the present time.
Mis hermanos están trabajando en el restaurante.
The present progressive is formed by combining the present tense of estar and
the present participle, or the -ando/-iendo form of the verb.
Some Spanish present participles are irregular:
caer → cayendo
decir → diciendo
dormir → durmiendo
ir
→ yendo
leer → leyendo
mentir → mintiendo
morir → muriendo pedir → pidiendo
poder → pudiendo
seguir → siguiendo traer → trayendo
Andar and seguir can be used in place of estar to form the present progressive.
Mi nieto anda gritando todo el día.
My grandson goes around yelling all day.
Su cuñada sigue hablando de la boda.
His/Her sister-in-law keeps talking about the wedding.
B
Rewrite the following sentences in the present progressive.
Mi hermano está hablando.
1. Mi hermano habla. ___________________________________________
_____
2. Mi hermanastra escucha. _________________________________________________________
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
135
Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
4
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
3. La tía Ana prepara la comida. _____________________________________________________
4. Yo pruebo la sopa. ______________________________________________________________
5. Luis pone la mesa. ______________________________________________________________
6. Papá me pasa los platos. _________________________________________________________
7. Abuela descansa. _______________________________________________________________
8. Mamá sirve pollo frito. ___________________________________________
C
Imagine you are at a family reunion. Use the verbs in the box to write six sentences telling what everyone is doing. Use the present progressive with estar,
andar, or seguir.
contar (chistes)
bailar
servir
D
comer
hablar
dormir
discutir
preparar
sacar (fotos)
jugar
In English, we use the present progressive to say I am going, or I am coming, but
in Spanish the simple present tense is used to express these ideas. With this in
mind, how would you translate the following conversation?
—Are you coming with me to the family reunion?
—No, I’m going with Laura.
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
136
Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
Present perfect indicative and subjunctive
4
In English The present perfect indicative is used to say what has or has
not happened in a period of time up to the present. It is formed with the present
tense of the verb to have and the past participle of the main verb:
(I, you) have, (he, she, it) has, (we, you, they) have + past participle.
Isabel has changed her e-mail address.
The students have broken the computer.
Regular past participles are formed by adding -ed to the verb stem. Irregular past
participles must be memorized.
The present perfect is often used in the subordinate clause of a sentence
where the main clause makes some kind of comment on a recent action.
It surprises me that they have separated.
It is sad that Luisa has not seen her boyfriend.
A
Circle the form of the verb to have and underline the past participle in the
following sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Emma and Pablo have planned the wedding.
They have finished everything.
She has found a dress.
Her sisters have picked the invitations.
We have looked at places for the reception.
Emma has never been so happy.
In Spanish The present perfect indicative describes what has or has not
happened in a period of time up to the present. It is formed with the present
tense of the verb haber and the past participle of the main verb:
he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han + past participle.
Isabel ha cambiado su dirección de correo electrónico.
Los estudiantes han roto la computadora.
Regular past participles are formed by adding -ado (-ar verbs) or -ido (-er/-ir
verbs) to the verb stem. Irregular past participles must be memorized.
The present perfect subjunctive is often used in the subordinate clause
when the main clause expresses feelings or judgments about something that has
or has not happened. It is formed with the present subjunctive of the verb
haber and the past participle of the main verb: haya, hayas, haya,
hayamos, hayáis, hayan + past participle.
Me sorprende que ellos se hayan separado.
Es triste que Luisa no haya visto a su novio.
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
137
Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
PRESENT PERFECT INDICATIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE
B
4
Circle the form of haber and underline the past participle in each sentence.
Then, indicate whether the verb is in the indicative (I) or subjunctive (S) mood.
I
S
1. Juan y Ana se han comprometido.
✓
2. Me sorprende que hayan decidido casarse tan pronto.
3. Es bueno que ellos hayan hablado con sus familias.
4. La mamá de Juan ha pasado mucho tiempo con Ana.
5. Me alegra que ellas se hayan hecho amigas.
6. Ellas han discutido mucho en el pasado.
7. Es una lástima que hayan tenido problemas.
8. Pero por fin todos han hecho las paces.
C
Combine the two sentences using the present perfect indicative or subjunctive.
1. Mónica y Jorge se han casado. Es lógico.
Es lógico que Mónica y Jorge se hayan casado.
______________________________________________________
_______________
2. Su padrastro les ha dado consejos sobre la boda. Eso creo.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Sus padres han dejado de hablarse. Es triste.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. Ellos se han separado. Es verdad.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
5. La madre no viene a la boda. Me sorprende.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
D
The present perfect and the simple past (preterite) are both used to talk about
the past. What is the difference in meaning? Use the sample sentences as a guide.
PRESENT PERFECT
He viajado a España.
He visto a la profesora.
PRETERITE
Viajé a España el verano pasado.
Vi a la profesora.
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
138
Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
4
Se + indirect object pronouns
In English When talking about unintentional events we sometimes make
the object of the verb the subject:
The glass broke. (Instead of I broke the glass.)
The book fell. (Instead of I dropped the book.)
The board game was left out. (Instead of I left the board game out.)
Very often, however, the object of the action stays in the object position:
I lost my keys.
Janet accidentally dropped the cake.
A
Underline the subject and circle the verb. Then mark the appropriate column to
tell whether the sentence describes an intentional (I) or unintentional (U) event.
I
U
1. My books fell.
✓
2. Emma found her keys.
3. I lost my pen.
4. The cake burned.
5. My mom made cookies.
6. The little girl’s ice cream fell.
7. My dad’s shirt got torn.
8. Brendan did his homework.
In Spanish The object also often becomes the subject when talking about or
referring to unintentional events. The formula is: se + indirect object
pronoun + verb + subject.
A Laura se le rompieron los vasos.
Laura broke the glasses.
A los niños se les olvidó la tarea.
The children forgot their homework.
The indirect object pronoun refers to the person affected by the event; the
verb agrees with the object(s) involved and is always in the third person singular
or plural.
Verbs in Spanish that people often use when talking about unintentional events
are: acabar, caer, olvidar, perder, quedar, quemar, or romper.
In Spanish, the definite article is usually used instead of the possessive adjective.
Se le perdieron las llaves.
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
139
Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
4
SE + INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS
B
Underline the subject and circle the verb. Then mark the appropriate column to
tell whether the sentence refers to an intentional (I) or unintentional (U) event.
I
1. Se me cayeron los libros.
U
✓
2. Carmen llamó a Pedro.
3. A Eva se le olvidó la tarea.
4. ¿Se te quemó el bizcocho?
5. Mi mamá preparó la comida.
6. A la niña se le cayó el helado.
7. A mi papá se le rompió la computadora.
8. Yo dejé el libro en la mesa.
C
Answer these questions using se + indirect object pronoun and the information
in parentheses to indicate an unintentional event.
1. Aquí tienes la cuenta... ¿dónde está tu billetera? (yo / perder)
¡Ay,
se me perdió la billetera!
______________________________________________________________
2. ¿El bizcocho está listo? (Lourdes / quemar)
______________________________________________________________
3. ¿Tienes la tarea? (yo / olvidar)
______________________________________________________________
4. ¿Pusieron Carlos y Tere la mesa? (ellos / romper el vaso)
______________________________________________________________
5. ¿Por qué está en el piso la comida? (Ricardo / caer el plato)
______________________________________________________________
D
We do not always use the object as the subject to describe unintentional events in
English. How would you translate the following sentences? Is there more than
one way to translate them?
1. Se me olvidaron las llaves.
______________________________________________________________
2. Se me acabó la comida.
______________________________________________________________
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
140
Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
4
Past progressive
In English The past progressive is used to refer to actions in progress at
some point in the past.
The chef was cooking a turkey.
The past progressive is formed by combining the past tense of to be + the
present participle of the main verb.
The past progressive is often used for an action in progress that was interrupted
by another event. The interrupting event is expressed with the simple past tense.
The chef was cooking a turkey when he ran out of salt.
A
Underline the verb in the past progressive and circle the verb in the simple
past tense in the following sentences.
1. I was chopping the celery when I cut my finger.
2. When you served dinner, Lisa’s mouth was watering.
3. Were you eating dinner when I called?
4. I was making the cake when Lisa walked in.
5. She was talking to Patrick when I hid it in the refrigerator.
6. Lisa was finishing dinner when we lit the candles.
7. When she turned around, we were singing.
8. The children were sleeping when she left.
In Spanish The past progressive is also used to talk about past actions in
progress.
El cocinero estaba preparando un pavo.
The past progressive is formed by combining the imperfect of estar + the
present participle of the main verb.
The past progressive is often used to refer to an action in progress that was interrupted by another event. The interrupting event is expressed with the preterite.
El cocinero estaba preparando un pavo cuando se le acabó la sal.
B
Underline the verb in the past progressive and circle the verb in the
preterite tense in the following sentences.
1. Los niños estaban jugando cuando los llamé.
2. Estaba cortando la sandía cuando me corté el dedo.
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
141
Nombre
Clase
Fecha
CAPÍTULO
4
PAST PROGRESSIVE
3. ¿Estabas durmiendo cuando puse la mesa?
4. Cuando el bebé empezó a llorar, estábamos viendo el video.
5. María estaba probando la limonada cuando se le cayó el vaso.
6. Mamá estaba preparando una ensalada de frutas cuando llegué con las fresas.
7. Cuando llegaron los invitados, tú estabas hablando conmigo en la cocina.
8. Los niños estaban comiendo dulces de coco cuando empezó la fiesta.
C
Complete these sentences with the past progressive or preterite of the verb
in parentheses.
1. Yo
(ver) la televisión cuando
(llamar) Rosa con la noticia.
2. El abuelo
(esperar) en la sala de espera cuando
(nacer) su nieto.
3. Cuando Isabel
(llegar) con el bebé, papá
(trabajar).
4. El bebé
(dormir) cuando nosotros
(entrar) en el cuarto.
5. Cuando Isabel
(levantarse) por la mañana, yo
(desayunar).
D
6. Nosotros
(reírse) mucho cuando ella nos
(enseñar) los zapatitos del bebé.
7. Adriana y Laura
(sacar) fotos cuando el bebé
(dormirse) otra vez.
How does the past progressive differ from the imperfect for describing the setting
in the past? Explain the difference in meaning between the following sentences.
a. Estaba nevando cuando empezamos a esquiar.
b. Nevaba mucho en las montañas donde vivía de niño.
Holt Spanish 3
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Grammar Tutor
142