Download Cards Social

branch concerned with how people influence & are
influenced by others
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
bias toward socially attractive people as more intelligent,
competent, talented, interesting, kind, sensitive
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
(Perception bias)
opinion forms in first 30 seconds; primacy effect
FIRST IMPRESSIONS
(Perception bias)
overgeneralizations about the way a group of people think
or act
STEREOTYPES
negative attitude toward a person or group of people
PREJUDICE
action against a person or group of people
DISCRIMINATION
when frustrated choose a powerless person or group to
blame for situation
SCAPEGOAT THEORY
overestimate others behavior to internal causes &
underestimate external causes
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR
belief that good people are rewarded & bad punished.
Leads to blaming victim
JUST WORLD HYPOTHESIS
negative info. Tends to be believed & weighted more
heavily
SOCIAL DESIRABILITY EFFECT
tend to attribute behavior that results in good outcome for
us to internal causes & bad outcome to external causes.
SELF-SERVING BIAS
We are attracted to those like ourselves
SIMILARITY
(Interpersonal Attraction)
repeated exposure to someone increases likelihood of
attraction
PROXIMITY
(Interpersonal Attraction)
We are drawn to socially attractive people
ATTRACTIVENESS
(Interpersonal Attraction)
we fall for people who match our own social attractiveness
MATCHING HYPOTHESIS
early in relationship; intense arousal, interest, desire for
another
PASSIONATE/ROMANTIC LOVE
deep, caring affection for another
COMPANIONATE/AFFECTIONATE LOVE
Intimacy – feelings of closeness & connectedness
Passion – physical & sexual attraction
Commitment – commitment to maintain the love
TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE
(Sternberg)
Consummate love – contains all 3
Fatuous love – based on passion & commitment
attitude becomes more positive with continued exposure
MERE EXPOSURE EFFECT
conflict that arises when someone holds two or more
inconsistent attitudes. Motivates us to reduce dissonance
by changing attitude/behavior.
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
(Festinger)
we rate more favorably experiences that require more effort
to obtain.
EFFOR JUSTIFICATION
expose ourselves only to information that supports our
choice
SELECTIVE EXPOSURE
when others attempt to change our attitudes
PERSUASION
individual who delivers the message
PERSUASION SOURCE
audience to whom a persuasive message is sent, usually one
of the following ways:
PERSUASION RECEIVER
central route – receiver carefully ponders the content &
logic of the message; results in most lasting attitud
peripheral route – persuasion depends on non-message
factors (attractiveness, emotion)
information transmitted by the source
PERSUASION MESSAGE
medium through which message is sent (t.v., newspaper)
PERSUASION CHANNEL
adopt attitudes/behavior of others due to real or imagined
pressure
CONFORMITY
line segments & conformity
ASCH'S RESEARCH
shared standards of behavior
SOCIAL NORMS
people tend to treat others as they have been treated
RECIPROCITY NORM
people whom we are like or wish to be like
REFERENCE GROUP
bigger the group the more likely we are to conform
GROUP SIZE
go along even though no authority over you
COMPLIANCE
agree to small request & later asked bigger request
FOOT-IN-THE-DOOR
request so large it is denied, then smaller request complied
with
DOOR-IN-THE-FACE
gives us something & we feel obligated to give in return
RECIPROCITY
before you refuse more is offered
THAT'S-NOT-ALL TECHNIQUE
agree to a commitment first & then add disagreeable
specifics later
LOW BALLING
perception that opportunity is restricted
SCARCITY
people follow direct commands from authority figures
OBEDIENCE
learner/teacher shocks; over 60% continued
MILGRAM'S RESEARCH
Mock prison at Stanford University; looked at the power of
the situation we are in
ZIMBARDO'S RESEARCH
frustration produces aggression & may be directed at the
Frustrator or displaced onto another target
FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION HYPOTHESIS
behave aggressively by observing aggressive models &
reinforcement of aggressive responses
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY OF AGGRESSION
selfless concern for welfare of others that leads to helping
behavior
ALTRUISM
whether people will come to the aide of a person in distress.
Studied as a result of Kitty Genovese case
BYSTANDER INTERVENTION
people are less likely to help someone when others are
present
BYSTANDER EFFECT
when people feel the responsibility for helping is shared
among those present.
DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY
tendency to do better on easy/well-learned tasks when
others are present.
SOCIAL FACILITATION
tendency to do worse on unmastered tasks when others are
present.
SOCIAL INHIBITION
reduction in effort when working in groups
SOCIAL LOAFING
groups arrive at a riskier decisions than individuals would
do
RISKY SHIFT
loss of identity as a result of being part of a large group.
Social restraints are lessened & impulsive/aggressive
decisions may dominate; mob mentality
DEINDIVIDUATION
group discussion strengthens an already existing dominant
point of view; group shifts toward more extreme
GROUP POLARIZATION
when group emphasizes agreement or concurrence at the
expense of critical thinking; motivation for harmony may
result in bad decisions
GROUPTHINK