Download PSYCHOLOGY 6

PSYCHOLOGY 6.0
OPERANT CONDITIONING
PP. 237 – 243
1. Review: classical conditioning associates neutral stimuli with important stimuli
that produce responses, which often are _____________________
2. Another type of associative learning is ______________ conditioning
3. Define the term from #2:
4. What is the major difference between classical and operant conditioning?
5. Who was modern behaviorism’s most influential and controversial figure?
6. Define the law of effect
7. What is an operant chamber or Skinner box?
8. Define shaping
9. What is meant by successive approximations?
10. Give an example (not from the textbook) of operant conditioning that uses both
positive and negative reinforcement
11. Define reinforcement
12. How are positive and negative reinforcement alike?
13. How are positive and negative reinforcement different?
14. What is the difference between primary reinforcers and conditioned (secondary)
reinforcers? Give an example of each.
14. Give an example of how immediate reinforcement can lead to negative
consequences.
15, What is the relationship between being able to delay gratification and social
competence?
16. Define continuous reinforcement.
17. What are the positive and negative consequences of continuous reinforcement?
18. Give examples of partial (intermittent) reinforcement.
19. List each of the 4 partial (intermittent) reinforcement schedules, describe each,
and give an example.
a.
b.
c.
d.
20. Define punishment
21. How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement?
22. According to Larzelere how can punishment be effectively administered?
23. What are some of the drawbacks of physical punishment?
a. The temporary ______________ may reinforce the parents’ punishing behavior.
The behavior may reoccur in ____________ situations.
b. It may increase ________________ by demonstrating it as a way to cope with
problems.
c. Punishment can create ________; the person receiving the punishment may
associate the fear with the undesirable behavior and possibly also with the person
who ________________it or with the ____________ in which it occurs.
d. Punishment does not ____________ one toward more desirable behavior.
23. To be effective punishment should be combined with ________________