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Changes to Land Constructive & Destructive Forces involved in the making of them Landforms Landforms are either created through constructive or destructive forces. Landforms Destructive Forces • • Weathering Erosion Constructive Forces • • • Deposition Plate Tectonics Volcanoes Weathering The breaking up of the earth’s crust into sediments. Can be done by Wind Water Ice Gravity (WWIG) Erosion The moving away of land or soil by the action of wind, water, wave or glacier. Weathering & Erosion Wind Wave Water Glacier Landforms created by Destructive Forces Valley Plateau Canyon Arch Destructive Force Landforms Valley low-lying land situated between hills or mountains and usually having a river flowing along its bottom Destructive Force Landforms Valley Destructive Force Landforms Valley Destructive Force Landforms Canyon a ravine with steep sides usually formed by a river Destructive Force Landforms Canyon Bryce Canyon Destructive Force Landforms Canyon Antelope Canyon Destructive Force Landforms Canyon Copper Canyon Destructive Force Landforms Canyon Grand Canyon Destructive Force Landforms Mesa – a small plateau Plateau A flat highland Destructive Force Landforms Plateau Destructive Force Landforms Arch A rock structure over an opening created by erosion Destructive Force Landforms Arch Destructive Force Landforms Sea Arch Destructive Force Landform Don’t forget about Caves! A naturally formed cavity in the earth formed by ground water dissolving the rock/minerals. Constructive Forces Deposition- The dropping of sediments Volcanic- The creation of land from lava flows Deposition The depositing of sediments in a new location. Landforms Created by the Constructive Force of Deposition Deltas Stalactites Stalagmites Deltas The fan-shaped area at the mouth of a river, formed by sediments being deposited by the slower moving water. Stalactites Formation formed by a mineral deposit left from water dripping off the ceiling of a cave They hang “tight” to the ceiling. Formation of Stalactites Stalagmites They “might” grow up to the ceiling. A rock formation growing up from the floor of a cave formed from mineral rich water dripping from above. When stalagmites & stalactites grow together, they form a column. Other Landforms Created by Constructive Force Volcanoes Volcanoes an opening in the earth’s crust which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below. Other Types of Landforms Mountains Plains Hills Glaciers Mountain A landform that is above the surrounding terrain. Hills A landform that is above the surrounding terrain but smaller than mountains. See the difference between these and mountains? Plains A large piece of flat land Glaciers A slow moving river of ice flowing downhill created by precipitation. Destructive Forces WeatheringErosion- Destructive Force Landforms ValleyCanyonPlateauArchCave- Constructive Forces DepositionPlate TectonicsVolcanic- Destructive Forces WeatheringErosion- Destructive Force Landforms ValleyCanyonPlateauArchCave- Constructive Forces DepositionPlate TectonicsVolcanic- Constructive Force Landforms Constructive Force Landforms DeltaStalactiteStalagmiteVolcanoMountainHillPlainGlacier- DeltaStalactiteStalagmiteVolcanoMountainHillPlainGlacier-
