Download 6.LEARNING.2016

AP PSYCH UNIT 6 OUTLINE: LEARNING
VI. Learning
7-9% of AP exam
A. Classical Conditioning
B. Operant Conditioning
C. Cognitive Processes
D. Biological Processes
“What are the differences between learned and unlearned
behaviors? The primary focus is exploration of different kinds of
learning, including classical conditioning, operant conditioning,
and observational learning.” The biological bases of behavior
illustrate predispositions for learning.”
Learning from Associations
Ivan Pavlov’s Experiments
UCS  UCR
NS
CS  CR
Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery
Stimulus generalization, stimulus discrimination
Higher order conditioning
John B. Watson (Little Albert)
Conditioned emotional response, phobias, aversions
Learning from Consequences
Instrumental Learning – E.L. Thorndike & the Law of Effect
B.F. Skinner ( Skinner Box – operant chamber)
Appetitive stimulus, aversive stimulus
Positive reinforcement/Negative reinforcement/Punishment
Generalization, discrimination
Acquisition and shaping – extinction
Delayed reinforcement
Conditioned reinforcement
 Primary and secondary reinforcers
Schedules of reinforcement
 Fixed v. variable
 Ratio v. interval
Aversive conditioning – escape and avoidance learning
Cognitive factors in Classical Conditioning
 Blocking
 Failure of redundant stimulus to become a CS
 Predictive value of CS – Rescorla
 Assessment of the reliability of the stimulus to be a
predictor
 Cognitive interpretation of whether a stimulus is
predictive rather than simple pairing of UCS – NS
Cognitive factors in Operant Conditioning
 Non-contingent reinforcement (superstitious behavior)
 Latent learning, cognitive maps – Edward C. Tolman
 Learned helplessness – Martin Seligman
Insight learning – Köhler
Learning v. Instinct
Learning v. Maturation
Habituation
Limits on Learning – Biological Factors in Conditioning
 Instinctive Drift – Breland (instinctive tendencies interfering
with conditioning)
 Conditioned Taste Aversion – Garcia (stimuli & nausea)
Preparedness and Phobias
E. Social Learning
Observational learning
 Key processes in observational learning
 Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
 Acquisition of a behavior may occur without the
performance of the behavior
Modeling
Bandura (Bobo doll)
Tuesday/Wednesday
October 25/26
Collect Consciousness Activity
Cumulative Test on Units 1-5
Reading Assignment: Unit 6, pp. 215-227
Thursday/Friday
October 27/28
Review Test – Concepts that Still Bug You
Classic Philip Z. Video on Learning
Reading assignment: pp. Unit 6, pp. 228-242
Monday/Tuesday
Classical and Operant Conditioning & Social Learning
October 31/November 1 Reading assignment: Unit 6, pp. 242-251
Finish Reader’s Guide
Wednesday/Thursday
November 2/3
Test on Learning
Reading Assignment: Unit 7A, pp. 255-265
Start Unit 7 Reader’s Guide
Sunday November 5
Extra Credit Movie Truman Show (free will) PG
103 minutes 1998
Sorry I was not able to find any cool TED talks that relate to conditioning. If TED was around
in the 1960s, I would have found a ton! 