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TEACHERGUIDE
DissectiononDemand:
AvianAnatomy
60MinuteHealthand
LifeScienceLesson
Science-to-Go!Program
Grades: 6 - 1 2 DissectiononDemand:AvianAnatomy
Description
This dissection of a quail highlights the
specialized adaptations of birds’ external
and pulmonary anatomy for flight.
Comparing avian anatomy to that of
mammals,we’lldiscusssomespecifichealth
issues of interest to bird owners (for the
humansANDtheirfeatheredcompanions!).
We recommend this lab for students with
previousdissectionexperience, asthequail
areunpreservedfreshspecimens.
Objectives
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Practicesafedissectiontechniques
Learnbasicbirdandmammal
anatomyandorganfunctions
Discussthespecializedpulmonary
systemofbirdsandhowitrelatesto
flight
Ohio’sLearningStandards
Grade6:LifeScience-CellulartoMulticellular
• Cellsarethefundamentalunitoflife.
• Cellscarryonspecificfunctionsthatsustainlife.
• Livingsystemsatalllevelsoforganizationdemonstratethecomplementarynatureof
structureandfunction.
Grade8:LifeScience–SpeciesandReproduction
• Thecharacteristicsofanorganismarearesultofinheritedtraitsreceivedfromparent(s).
HighSchool:Biology:Cells
• Cellularprocesses(characteristicsofliferegulatedbycellularprocesses).
NationalHealthEducationStandards
Grade6-12:Standard1
• Studentswillcomprehendconceptsrelatedtohealthpromotionanddisease
preventiontoenhancehealth.
HowtoSetUpYourRoom
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Pleasehavestudentcleartheirdesksbeforetheprogrambegins.
Pleaseprovidethefollowing:
o AsmalltableinthefrontoftheroomforMuseumspecimens
o Anoutletandwhiteboardorclearwallareaforustoprojectourslideshow
UsethevocabularyandadditionalresourcesprovidedinthisTeacherGuidetopreviewor
reviewprogramcontentwithyourclass.
Ifbookingmultipleprograms,transitionswillbeeasierifmuseumstaffsetsupinonlyone
location.
TheMuseumwillprovideallmaterialsfordissection.
Vocabulary
airsacs—Inadditiontotheirlungs,birdshaveaseriesofthin-walled,holloworgansthatpermita
unidirectionalflowofairthroughthelungs.Unidirectionalflowmeansthatairmovingthrough
birdlungsislargely'fresh'air&hasahigheroxygencontent.
brain–thecentralpartofthenervoussystemthatcontrolsandcoordinatesthebody’sactions,
functions,thoughtsandsensations
brainstem–thepartofthebrainthatconnectsthespinalcord;thebrainstemalsocoordinates
life-sustainingfunctionssuchasheartfunction,digestionandrespiration
cloaca-thecommoncavityintowhichtheintestinal,urinary,andgenerativecanalsopeninbirds,
reptiles,amphibians,manyfishes,andcertainmammals.
crop-Apouchlikeenlargementofabird'sgullet(esophagus)inwhichfoodispartiallydigestedor
storedforregurgitationtonestlings.
esophagus-musculartuberunningfromthemouthtothestomach.
gizzard-modifiedmuscularpouchbehindthestomachinthealimentarycanalofbirds,havinga
thickliningandoftencontainingingestedgritthataidsinthebreakdownofseedsbefore
digestion.
humeraldiverticulum(‘hd’ontheimagebelow)–extensionsoftheinterclavicularairsac,absent
inostriches.Thoughttoassistwithbothairmovement(ascompressedbythewishbone)and
thermoregulation.
kidneys-pairoforgansinthedorsalregionofthevertebrateabdominalcavity,functioningto
maintainproperwaterandelectrolytebalance,regulateacid-baseconcentration,andfilterthe
bloodofmetabolicwastes,whicharethenexcretedasurine.
largeintestine-broad,shorterpartoftheintestines,comprisingthececum,colon,andrectum,
whichabsorbswaterfromandeliminatestheresiduesofdigestion.Alsohometomanyspeciesof
bacteriathatassistthehostorganismwithmetabolicbreakdownoffiber,vitaminsynthesis,and
otherchemicalactivity.
liver-large,reddish-brown,glandularvertebrateorganlocatedintheupperrightportionofthe
abdominalcavitythatsecretesbileandisactiveintheformationofcertainbloodproteinsandin
themetabolismofcarbohydrates,fats,andproteins.
ovary-femalegonadorreproductivegland,inwhichtheovaandthefemalesexhormonesdevelop.
oviduct-Atubethroughwhichtheovapassfromtheovarytotheuterusortotheoutside.
pancreas-alargecompoundgland,situatednearthestomach,whichsecretesdigestiveenzymes
intotheintestineandglucagonandinsulinintothebloodstream.
pectoralismajor-skeletalmusclethatadductsandrotatesthewingofabirdforthedownward
stroke.
proventriculus-divisionofthestomachinbirdsthatsecretesdigestiveenzymesandpassesfood
fromthecroptothegizzard.
smallintestine-narrow,winding,upperpartoftheintestinewheredigestioniscompletedand
nutrientsareabsorbedbytheblood.
spinalcord–aconcentratedbundleofnervetissuethatconnectsthebraintothenervesofthe
body
syrinx-vocalorganofabird,consistingofthinvibratingmusclesatorclosetothedivisionofthe
tracheaintothebronchi.
testes-themalegonad,eitheroftwoovalreproductiveglandslocatedinthescrotum.
trachea–Athin-walled,cartilaginoustubedescendingfromthelarynxtothebronchiandcarrying
airtothelungs.
ExtensionActivities
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Comparativeanatomy–havestudentschooseanothernon-mammalanimalandlookup
someimagesofitsinternalanatomy.Askthemtoprepareareportonwhatorgansare
similarordifferentinlocationorfunctioncomparedtomammals.Checkoutimagesof
birdairsacs(wehaveattachedoneimagetothisguide)andbereadytodiscusswhy
theseorgansareimportanttoabird’sabilitytofly.
Preservedvs.FreshOrganDissection–inthepast,theMuseumhaspurchasedfresh
sheepandcowhearts,brains,eyes,andotherorgansfromlocalbutchersforourstudents
tohaveonhandwhiledissectingpreservedorgans.Checkwithyourlocalbutcherandsee
iftheycanassistwithobtainingorgansforyoutoinspect/dissectathome.Trypurchasing
awholechickenwiththe“giblets”—thistermreferstovariousedibleorgansincludingthe
heart,liver,gizzard,andneckofthebird.
SuturePractice–OnYouTube,thekeywords“surgicalknots”willbringuplotsofgood
tutorialsonhowtotieoneandtwo-handedknotswhilesuturing.Studentscanusethread
oryarntopractice,thentrysuturingoneithertheirquailafterdissection,oronathickskinnedfruit.CompanieslikeCarolinaBiologicalthatsellpreservedanimalsfordissection
alsosellsutureneedles&thread.
OnlineResourcesforTeachersandStudents
Clickthelinkbelowtofindadditionalonlineresourcesforteachersandstudents.Thesewebsitesare
recommendedbyourMuseumEducatorsandprovideadditionalcontentinformationandsomefun,
interactiveactivitiestosharewithyourclass.
CMNHEducatorsregularlyreviewtheselinksforquality.Webaddressesoftenchangesoplease
notifyusifanylinkshaveissues.
ClevelandMuseumofNaturalHistoryhttps://cmnh.org/edlinks
EducatorResourceCenter(ERC)
MaterialsforLoan
TheEducatorResourceCenteroffers
educatorworkshops,thematicteaching
kits,animaldioramas,andmoreforloanto
areateachers.
ContacttheERCat216-231-2075for
informationonindividualorschool
membership.
VisittheMuseum’sERCwebsiteformore
informationonworkshops
https://www.cmnh.org/ERC
Ifyou’reinterestedinadditionalresources
besuretocheckoutthefollowingERC
materialsorbrowseERCmaterialsonlineat
http://cmnh.hosting.l4u.com
RelatedERCkitstothistopicinclude:
TheBody’sManySystems:Propswithinthis
healthkitrevealelementaryconceptsinthe
study of the human body, including
skeletal/muscular, digestive, respiratory,
circulatory,andnervoussystem.
Hours
o MondaythroughFriday,1to5PM
o Wednesday,1to6PM
o Saturday,9AMto2PM
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