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Chapter 13
Reconstruction and the New South
Section 1 Objectives
• Describe the hopes and expectations that
African Americans in the South had for their
lives as freedpeople
• Relate how President Lincoln and Congress
differed over plans for Reconstruction.
• Explain how President Johnson’s programs
benefitted former Confederates.
• Evaluate how the Black Codes affected
freedpeople.
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Describe the hopes and expectations that
African Americans in the South had for their
lives as freedpeople.
The desire to establish churches and schools
Legalize marriages
Find family members who had been sold away
Enjoy basic human rights
Relate how President Lincoln and Congress differed
over plans for Reconstruction.
President Lincoln
Congress
Abolish slavery
Abolish slavery
Give amnesty to most Southerns
Delay Reconstruction until a majority of
each state’s white males took a loyalty
oath
Allow Rebel states to rejoin the Union
when 10% of the residents who had voted
in 1860 pledged their loyalty to the Union
Explain how President Johnson’s programs
benefitted former Confederates.
Evaluate how the Black Codes affected freedpeople.
President Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
A. Benefits to Former Confederates
1. blanket pardon for most rebels
2. easy terms of readmission to the Union: states
had to nullify their acts of secession, nullify slavery,
and refuse to pay war debts
Former Confederates Enact Black Codes
A. Effects of Codes on African Americans
1. tried to deprive freedpeople of equality
2.re-establish white control over African American
labor
Section 2 Objectives
• Describe the issues that divided Republicans
during the early Reconstruction era.
• Explain why moderates and Radical Republicans
joined forces and their actions on behalf of
African Americans
• Relate why President Johnson was impeached,
and explain why the Senate acquitted him.
• Explain why African Americans were crucial to the
election of 1868 and how Republicans responded
to their support.
Describe the issues that divided Republicans
during the early Reconstruction era.
• The Radical Republicans main goal of
Reconstruction was to create an entirely new
South and give African Americans the right to
vote.
• The Moderate Republicans main goal of
Reconstruction was to restore the southern
states to the Union, keep former Confederates
out of government, and give African
Americans some civil equality.
Explain why moderates and Radical Republicans
joined forces and their actions on behalf of
African Americans
• Republicans joined forces to protect African
Americans from postwar violence.
• Overrode presidential vetoes to pass the Civil
Rights Act of 1866 and extend the Freedman’s
Bureau.
• Passed the 14th Amendment
Relate why President Johnson was impeached,
and explain why the Senate acquitted him.
The impeachment of
President Johnson
Reasons why the House
voted to impeach
General dislike of
lenient Reconstruction
policies
Johnson’s “scandalous”
speeches and
“disgraceful” acts
Reasons why the
Senate vote to acquit
Violation of the Tenure
of Office Act
Weak case;
hypercritical attacks on
Johnson
Fear that impeachment
would weaken future
presidents and
threaten checks and
balances
Explain why African Americans were crucial to
the election of 1868 and how Republicans
responded to their support.
• African American votes helped Ulysses S.
Grant win the presidency.
• Republicans responded by passing the 15th
Amendment to extend the vote to African
American men.
Section 3 Objectives
• Explain how African Americans attempted to
improve their lives during the Reconstruction
era.
• Identify Republican reforms.
• Relate how some African Americans
responded to harassment by the Ku Klux Klan.
• Describe why Reconstruction ended.
Explain how African Americans attempted to improve their lives during the
Reconstruction era.
Relate how some African Americans responded to harassment by the Ku Klux
Klan.
African American life during Reconstruction
Efforts to Improve Lives
Responses to KKK
Registered to vote
Retaliated by burning barns
Joined and formed political organizations;
lobbied for political equality
Lobbied for congressional protection
Built churches and schools
Served as delegates to state constitutional
conventions
Identify Republican reforms.
• Creation of new state constitutions.
• Abolition of property qualifications for jurors
and candidates.
• The creation of new services.
• The establishment of new roads and bridges.
Describe why Reconstruction ended.
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General economic and political issues:
The Panic of 1873:
Reaction to rising immigration:
The actions of southern Redeemers:
The Compromise of 1877:
Section 4 Objectives
• Analyze the drawbacks to the sharecropping
system.
• Assess how Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v.
Ferguson decision changed life for southern
African Americans.
• Explain how African Americans attempted to
improve their economic situation after
Reconstruction.
• Compare the views of Booker T. Washington and
Ida B. Wells.
Analyze the drawbacks to the
sharecropping system.
• Sharecroppers had no income until harvest
time, forcing them into the crop-lien system.
• Required famers to concentrate on one crop,
leaving them and the region dependent on
outside suppliers for human and animal food.
Assess how Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v.
Ferguson decision changed life for southern
African Americans.
• Jim Crow laws introduced widespread
segregation.
• Plessy v. Ferguson codified that segregation.
• The laws limited African Americans’
opportunites.
Explain how African Americans attempted to improve their
economic situation after Reconstruction.
Compare the views of Booker T. Washington and Ida B. Wells.
African Americans’
Attempts to Improve
Their Economic
Situation
• Formed aid societies and cooperatives.
• Supported churches and schools
• Supported businesses.
Booker T. Washington’s
Response to Jim Crow
Laws
• Wanted African Americans to achieve economic
independence.
• Discouraged African Americans from protesting
discrimination.
Ida B. Well’s Response
to Jim Crow Laws
• Urged African Americans to protest discrimination.
• Wanted African Americans to leave the South.