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The South is destroyed
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The Civil War ended April 9, 1865.
Widespread Destruction
This rebuilding of the South was called
Reconstruction.
Reconstruction Plan
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President Lincoln pushed reunification
10 % Loyalty Plan
The South also had to accept a ban on
slavery.
13th Amendment
Initially helped many African Americans in
South
Hiram Revels- 1st African American
Congressman
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“Since reconstruction, the masses of my
people have been, as it were, enslaved in
mind by unprincipled adventurers, who,
caring nothing for country, were willing to
stoop to anything no matter how infamous.”
The Freedmen’s Bureau
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The Freedmen’s Bureau assists poor
blacks and whites in the South.
Public Education in South
Most former slaves were unable to read
and write
40 Acres and Mule
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Ex-slaves were promised 40 acres of land and a
mule.
Unfortunately, the government never came
through with their promise.
Led to argument for Reparations
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
Address
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Second Inaugural Address explained
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan.
He hoped to reunite the nation and it’s
people.
“With malice [hatred] toward none, with
charity for all, with firmness in the right as
God gives us to see the right, let us finish the
work we are in, to bind up the nation's
wounds, to care for him who shall have borne
the battle, and for his widow and for his
orphans, to do all which may achieve and
cherish a just and a lasting peace among
ourselves and with all nations.
Lincoln is assassinated
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April 15, 1865 President Lincoln was
assassinated
John Wilkes Booth and Conspiracy
Vice-President Andrew Johnson became
president.
The Black Codes
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The Black Codes- Legalized Segregation
- Sharecropping
- Servants
- No Guns
- No public meetings
- Attempts to prevent them from moving to
cities
Voting Rights
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Other laws were passed to keep blacks
from voting.
Poll tax.
Grandfather Clause.
Literacy Tests
Radical Republicans
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The Black Codes angered many Congressional
Republicans
The Radical Republicans wanted the South to
change more before they could be readmitted to
the Union.
They were angry at President Johnson for letting
the South off so easy.
“The President assumes, what no one doubts, that the late
rebel States have lost their constitutional relations to the
Union, and are incapable of representation in Congress,
except by permission of the Government. It matters but little,
with this admission, whether you call them States out of the
Union, and now conquered territories, or assert that because
the Constitution forbids them to do what they did do, that they
are therefore only dead as to all national and political action,
and will remain so until the Government shall breathe into
them the breath of life anew and permit them to occupy their
former position. In other words, that they are not out of the
Union, but are only dead carcasses lying within the Union. In
either case, it is very plain that it requires the action of
Congress to enable them to form a State government and
send representatives to Congress.” – Thaddeus Stevens
The 14th Amendment
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The 14th Amendment guaranteed
citizenship to all people born or naturalized
within the U.S. except for the Native
Americans.
It said that state governments could not
“deprive any person of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law.”
Johnson and The Radical
Republicans
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Congress was angry at President Johnson
for not going along with their
Reconstruction policies.
As a result, Congress impeached Johnson.
Impeachment
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Impeachment is the process of charging a
public official with a crime.
President tried by Senate
By a single vote, Republicans failed to
convict Johnson.
The only other time a president has been
impeached was Bill Clinton.
Ku Klux Klan
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Opposed to African
Americans obtaining civil
rights
Employed terrorist tactics
Later targeted anyone that
did not fit into WASP
category
15th Amendment
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1870
The 15th Amendment gave African
American men the right to vote.
Women’s rights activists were angered
Southern States continued to place
restrictions until Civil Rights Era and
beyond in some cases.
Reconstruction Ends 1877
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Close election in 1876
Goes to Congress
Hayes wins in exchange for ending
Reconstruction
Segregation and Jim Crow Laws
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Legalized Segregation
Jim Crow Laws - laws that forced
segregation
Plessy V. Ferguson- Separate but
equal confirmed by Supreme Court
ruling.
Plessy v. Ferguson
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The Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal
in Plessy v. Ferguson.
They said that segregation was fair as long as
“separate-but-equal” facilities were provided for
African Americans.
In practice, the African American facilities were
usually “separate-and-unequal.”
It would take until the 1965, 100 years after the
Civil War ended, for Jim Crow laws to be
outlawed and blacks to finally realize legal
equality in America.