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#t'., SECIl0ftl 5.2 Date Perlod Name MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Cells divlde during mitosis and cytokinesis. VOCABUTARY chromosome centromere metaphase histone telomere a chromatin prophase telophase naphase chromatid MAIN IDEA: Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis. L What is a chromosome? One long continuous thread of DNA that has many genes and regulatory information. 2. Why do chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis? So they can be more easily divided between the two nuclei. 3, Why are chromosomes not condensed during all stages of the cell cycle? Proteins need to be able to access genes during other stages of the cell cycle so that they can be used to make proteins or so that the entire DNA sequence can be copied. Refer to Figure 5,5 to sketch how DNA goes from a long stringy form to a tightly condensed form, Label the parts of the condcnsed" duplicated chromosome, tg a E (.) .c E + =co E O) = :E õF : E o) f o ô @ c or ,E o- ()o MAIN IDEA: Mitosis 4. and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells. How does interphasç prepare a cell to divide? During interphase, a cell duplicates its DNA and orgnelles. Unit 2 Resource Book McDougal Littell Biology Study Guide 69 i¿, N Pcrir¡d arr¡c [)utc STUDY GUIDE, CONTINUED 5. Mitosis occurs in what types of cells? Body Cells 6. Develop a device, such as a short sentence or phrase, to help you remember the order the steps of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase' telophase' of Answers will vary. Sample answer: Pat's Mom Ate Tomatoes. Complete the diagram illustrating the four phases of mitosis and one phase of cytokinesis. Prophase Cytokinesis L .9 Q lofi ctr t¡¡ =r c l-tu o-- 7. How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells? c o o In animal cells, the membrane pinches together, forming a cleavage furrow. In plant cells, the membrane E o (-) cannot pinch together because of the cell wall. Instead, a cell plate is laid down between the two ,C E nuclei, which will develop into the new cell walls and cell membranes. fE cig CÐ q) (-) C o =o) Vocabulary Gheck 8. 9. l T DNA wraps around organizing proteins called histones o E --.1 The suffix -tin indicates that something is stretched and thin Chromatin IS 11. The ends of DNA molecules form structures called telomeres o , which looks pinched that help prevent the loss of genes, 70 Study Guide ) o) ôO the loose combination of DNA and proteins that looks sort of like spaghetti centromere 1O. Sister chromatids are held together at the G Unìt 2 Resource Book McDougal Littell Biology o Í o¡ 'É ô o O