Download Other examples of potential Global ecological

Ecological
Tipping Points
“An ecological threshold is the point
at which a relatively small change in
external conditions causes a rapid
change in an ecosystem.”
©Darragh Doyle
Voice over by Aaron Hickey
Causes of tipping points
Trophic
cascades
Climate change
Habitat loss
Trophic Cascades
X
X X XX X
Climate change
CO2
pH
⁰C
Habitat Destruction: Knock On Effects
Environmental
and
anthropogenic
Implications:
Existing research
Other examples
of potential
Global ecological
tipping points
• Amazon Rainforest
• Boreal Forest
• West Atlantic Ice Sheet
• Greenland Ice Sheet
• Arctic Sea Ice
•Thermohaline Circulation
•
•
•
•
•
•
West African Monsoon
The Himalayas
Indian Summer Monsoon
Permafrost
El Nino
Southwest American Drought
Bibliography
Cury, P.M., Boyd, I.L., Bonhommeau, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R.J.M., Furness, R.W., Mills, J.A., Murphy, E.J., Oesterblom, H.,
Paleczny, M., Piatt, J.F., Roux, J.-P., Shannon, L., & Sydeman, W.J. (2011). Global Seabird Response to Forage Fish Depletion-One-Third
for the Birds. Science 334(6063), 1703-1706.
Encyclopedia Britannica, (2015). trophic cascade | ecology. [online] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/science/trophic-cascade
[Accessed 19 Nov. 2015].
Ferraro, K. 2016. Global Coral ‘bleaching threatens reef survival. Medill news service. Available at:
http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/global-coral-bleaching-event-threatens-reefs-survival/ [Accessed 21/11/2016]
Klappenbach, and Klappenbach, L. (2015). Habitat Loss, Fragmentation, and Destruction. [online] About.com Education. Available at:
http://animals.about.com/od/h/g/habitat-destruction.htm [Accessed 19 Nov. 2015].
Lenton, T.M., 2011. Early warning of climate tipping points. Nature Climate Change, 1(4), pp.201–209. Available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1143.
Möllmann, C. & Diekmann, R., 2012. Marine Ecosystem Regime Shifts Induced by Climate and Overfishing. A Review for the Northern
Hemisphere,
Nature Education, (2015). Schematic of a three-level trophic cascade.. [image] Available at:
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/trophic-cascades-across-diverse-plant-ecosystems-80060347 [Accessed 19 Nov.
2015].
NOAA. 2016. US Depaartment of Commerce. Available at: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.html [Accessed
18/11/2016]
Recommended Reading
DUARTE, C. M., AGUSTI, S., WASSMANN, P., ARRIETA, J. M., ALCARAZ, M., COELLO, A., MARBA, N., HENDRIKS, I. E.,
HOLDING, J., GARCIA-ZARANDONA, I., KRITZBERG, E. & VAQUE, D. 2012. Tipping Elements in the Arctic Marine Ecosystem.
Ambio, 41, 44-55.
ESLAMI-ANDERGOLI, L., DALE, P. E. R., KNIGHT, J. M. & MCCALLUM, H. 2015. Approaching tipping points: a focused review
of indicators and relevance to managing intertidal ecosystems. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 23, 791-802.
HORAN, R. D., FENICHEL, E. P., DRURY, K. L. S. & LODGE, D. M. 2011. Managing ecological thresholds in coupled
environmental-human systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108,
7333-7338.
HUNTINGTON, H. P., GOODSTEIN, E. & EUSKIRCHEN, E. 2012. Towards a Tipping Point in Responding to Change: Rising
Costs, Fewer Options for Arctic and Global Societies. Ambio, 41, 66-74.
LENTON, T. M. 2011. Early warning of climate tipping points. Nature Climate Change, 1, 201-209.
Cury, P.M., Boyd, I.L., Bonhommeau, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R.J.M., Furness, R.W., Mills, J.A., Murphy, E.J.,
Oesterblom, H., Paleczny, M., Piatt, J.F., Roux, J.-P., Shannon, L., & Sydeman, W.J. (2011). Global Seabird Response to
Forage Fish Depletion-One-Third for the Birds. Science 334(6063), 1703-1706.