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Library Orientation and Phrases and Clauses (Grammar #2) Clauses and Phrases Types of Clauses A CLAUSE is a group of words that contains a subject and its verb. the boy ran people talk it is if you go A PHRASE is a group of words that does NOT contain a subject and its verb. the boy next door people with loud voices being hungry for a while Some clauses can be complete sentences. These are called INDEPENDENT CLAUSES. the boy ran people talk it is you go Some clauses have a subject and verb but cannot be complete sentences. These are called DEPENDENT CLAUSES. They have a dependent word (subordinating conjunction) before the subject and verb. while the boy ran because people talk since it is if you go Types of Phrases Clauses and Phrases Phrases can be of many types, added in various places in sentences, and serve many purposes, but they can’t be sentences on their own. The important things to remember: A clause has a subject and complete verb that go together; a phrase doesn’t. An “-ing” verb cannot be the only verb in a sentence. With no helping verb, it makes a phrase. A phrase can never be a sentence by itself. Clauses must be connected to sentences (other clauses) in very specific ways (with specific conjunctions and punctuation) whereas phrases can be added more freely. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun (the object of the preposition). at the store during the concert by myself in my dreams A verbal phrase begins with a participle, gerund, or infinitive verb. going crazy known by everyone studying the book to run like the wind An absolute phrase has a noun and participle but no complete verb. the dog barking the woman driving the map found in the book An appositive phrase simply renames a noun or a pronoun. the only man to pitch seven no-hitters my sister’s boyfriend An added detail phrase often starts with a word like especially, like, for example, or including. particularly at a wedding such as Star Wars Grammar #2: Phrases and Clauses TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK For tonight’s grammar homework, identify each group of words as a clause or a phrase. Submit answers to all ten questions ON MyHCC /CANVAS. 1. Complete revision of 1000-word definition essay (submit second draft on MyHCC / Canvas and to a tutor before class and bring TWO printouts), 2. read LBCH section 24 (pp. 202-204) and review section 6 (pp. 33-39), AND 3. begin Grammar #2 (phrases and clauses), due next Thursday (Feb. 2) on Canvas 1. Screaming fans filled the stands A. clause B. phrase 2. Screaming at the kids A. clause B. phrase 3. If a newborn baby refuses to eat A. clause B. phrase If you do not attend the library orientation, you MUST familiarize yourself with http://libguides.hccfl.edu/onlineorientation. 1