Download STDs and Contraceptives - Warren County Public Schools

STDs and Contraceptives
STDs
• Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
• AKA Venereal Disease (VD)
• Three main types:
– Bacterial
– Viral
– Parasitic Protozoan
Bacterial STDs
• Syphilis
– Caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum
– Transmitted through direct contact with a syphilis sore
– Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or
in the rectum. Sores also can occur on the lips and in the
mouth.
– Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or
oral sex.
Bacterial STDs
• Gonorrhea
– Caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae
– Can grow and multiply in the male and female reproductive tracts,
the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.
– Male symptoms include a burning sensation when urinating, a white,
yellow, or green discharge from the penis, or painful/swollen
testicles.
– Female symptoms include a painful or burning sensation when
urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between
periods.
Bacterial STDs
• Chlamydia
– Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis which can damage a
woman's reproductive organs.
– Women who have symptoms might have an abnormal vaginal
discharge or a burning sensation when urinating. Some women have
no signs or symptoms; others have lower abdominal pain, low back
pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between
menstrual periods.
– Men with signs or symptoms might have a discharge from their penis
or a burning sensation when urinating. Men might also have burning
and itching around the opening of the penis.
Antibiotics
• Syphilis—penicillin, tetracyline,
doxycycline
• Gonorrhea—penicillin,
intramuscular injection of
ceftriaxone
• Chlamydia—azithromycin,
doxycycline
– Chlamydia and gonorrhea are always
treated together. If a person has
contracted one of these diseases, they
are always treated for both.
Viral STDs
• AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
– Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
– Causes progressive failure of the immune system allows lifethreatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive.
– Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen,
vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk.
– Current treatment for HIV infection consists of highly active
antiretroviral therapy, or HAART.
Viral STDs
• Genital Herpes
– Cause by the Herpes Simplex
Virus, type 1 or type 2 (HSV-1
or HSV-2)
– Symptoms typically appear as
one or more blisters on or
around the genitals or rectum.
The blisters break, leaving
tender ulcers (sores) that may
take two to four weeks to heal
the first time they occur.
– Virus can stay in the body
indefinitely, though the
number of outbreaks tends to
decrease over a period of
years.
Viral STDs
• Genital warts
– Caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)—over 40 types of HPV
– Symptoms appear as a small bump or groups of bumps in the genital
area (warts). They can be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a
cauliflower.
– Cervical cancer usually does not have symptoms until it is quite
advanced. For this reason, it is important for women to get regular
screening for cervical cancer.
– Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) causes warts to grow in the
throat. It can sometimes block the airway, causing a hoarse voice or
troubled breathing.
Vaccines
• No cure for viral STDs
• Antiretrovirals—used to treat HIV
• Gardasil—vaccine that helps prevent cervical cancer
– 4 main types of HPV that are known to cause cervical
cancer (HPV-6, 8, 16, and 18)
– Available in 3 separate injections to girls ages 9-26
– Does not treat cancer, or prevent other STDs
Contraceptives
• Contraception = BIRTH control, NOT STD control
– The only way to completely prevent conception and
contraction of STDs is ABSTINENCE.
Male Contraceptives
• Vasectomy—the vas deferens of a man are
severed, and then tied/sealed in a manner
such to prevent ejaculation
– Sperm are still produced by the testicles, but they
are broken down and absorbed by the body.
Male Contraceptives
• Coitus interruptus—also known as the
withdrawal method, is a method of birthcontrol in which a man, during intercourse
withdraws his penis from a woman's vagina
prior to ejaculation
Male Contraceptives
• Condom—a barrier device most commonly used
during sexual intercourse to reduce the
probability of pregnancy and spreading sexually
transmitted diseases.
– It is put on a man's erect penis and physically blocks
ejaculated semen from entering the body of a sexual
partner.
Female Contraceptives
• The Pill—a daily dose of small amounts of estrogens and
progestins, except for the last seven days that are
hormone free
– The pill tricks the hypothalamic pituitary control system and
essentially “lulls it to sleep” because the relatively constant
blood levels of ovarian hormones makes it appear that the
woman is pregnant.
– Ovarian follicles do not mature, ovulation ceases, and
menstrual flow is much reduced.
Female Contraceptives
• IUD (Intrauterine Device)—
plastic or metal device inserted
into the uterus that prevents
implantation of a fertilized egg
– Delivers a dose of synthetic
progesterone to the
endometrium, as well as
decreases sperm motility
• Diaphragm—a dome-shaped
bowl made of thin, flexible
rubber that sits over the cervix
Female Contraceptives
• Norplant—Tiny silicon
rods that are
implanted just under
the skin that release
progestin over a 5 year
period
• Depo-Provera—an
injectable synthetic
progesterone that
lasts for 3 months
Female Contraceptives
• Morning After Pill—drugs that act to disrupt ovulation
or fertilization. It is not an abortion pill because it has
its effect prior to the earliest time of implantation
• Tubal ligation—a surgical procedure for sterilization in
which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped and
blocked, or severed and sealed, either method of
which prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for
fertilization