Download Unit 2 Immune System Study Guide

Ms. Edwards (Life Science) Unit 12 Immune System Study Guide
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A Little History
__________________, surgery was very risky. ___________________
____________________________________________ People didn’t know that microorganisms existed.
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__________________- 1860s- surgeon who _____________________ before surgery and
________________________ with bandages. __________________________________________________
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___________________________- 1860s- ________________________________ to kill microorganisms.
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Robert Koch- proved that _______________________________________________________________.
Infectious Disease
Pathogen- ___________________________________

Infectious disease- ____________________________________________ (pathogen gets inside body).
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Pathogens damage ___________________________
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4 classes of pathogens: ___________________________________________
Bacteria
__________________________________________

Cause ear infections, ______________________, food poisoning, etc.
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Some bacteria damage cells directly, others release toxins.
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__________________________________________________________.
Viruses
Ex. Tetanus (lockjaw)
Much _______________________ than bacteria.
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___________________________________! They cannot reproduce unless they are in a living cell.
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Ex: _____________ and _______________
Not treated with _____ _________________________
Fungi
Grow best in ______________________________. Ex: ________________________________
Protists
Malaria- _________________________________, common in tropical areas,
____________________________________________
Amebic Dysentery- spread through ___________________________________
African Sleeping Sickness- spread by tsetse flies. ________________________________________________
How Disease Spreads
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__________________________________- hugging, kissing, shaking hands, drinking, sneezing, coughing.
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_____________________________- live in soil and spread through unclean food or water.
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____________________________- microorganisms live on surfaces (cold and flu spread this way).
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_______________________________- Animals/insects bite people and spread disease (Lyme Disease from
ticks, Malaria from mosquitoes).
The Body’s Defenses
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Lines of defense: _____________________________________________ Trap most of the pathogens we
come in contact with.
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Skin- _________________________ kill pathogens. They also _________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________
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Breathing Passages- ___________________________________ get rid of pathogens.
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Mouth and Stomach- _____________________________ acid kill pathogens.
The Inflammatory Response
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Inflammatory Response- ______________________________________________.
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________________________________________ into nearby tissues. WBCs fight pathogens.
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Called the body’s _______________________________ because it is the same regardless of the pathogen.
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WBCs- _____________________________
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Phagocyte- type of WBC that is involved in the inflammatory response. ____________________________
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Inflammation- ________________________________ and _________________________________ to
bring WBCs to injury. ___________________________________________
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Fever- _________________________________ by killing pathogens.
The Immune System
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Infection that causes fever triggers body’s ___________________________________________________
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The immune system ________________________________ ___________________________________.
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_________________________________________ with a defense targeted _________________________
at that pathogen.
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Lymphocyte- WBC that ______________________________________. 2 types: ____________________
T Cells
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T cells- _______________________________ and distinguish one from the other.
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You have __________________________ of T cells.
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______________________________________________________________________.
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Antigens- _____________________________ surface that identify cell
B Cells
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B cells- __________________ proteins that destroy pathogens _____________________
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______________________________________________________________
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Each antibody has a different ____________________________.
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_________________________________________________________________ - their pairing is specific.
AIDS
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•
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AIDS- _______________________________________________________
HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus- ______________________________________
_________________ is the ___________________________________ and destroy _________________
Ms. Edwards (Life Science) Unit 12 Immune System Study Guide
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People can have HIV for ___________________________ before they know they have it.
More than _________________________ in the world ___________________________.
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_________________________________________, body’s defenses are weakened.
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HIV then becomes AIDS.
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______________________________________________________________________.
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___________________________________________
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______________________________________________________
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HIV spreads through _____________________________
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Common causes of infection include ____________________________________________ (before 1985).
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NOT spread by ______________ someone.
Preventing Disease
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Immunity- ______________________________________________________________
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2 types of immunity- _________________________.
Active Immunity
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Body produces ___________________ to fight pathogens.
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_____________________________________________________in response to the presence of a pathogen.
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Immune Response- some ___________________________________________of the pathogen.
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If that pathogen enters the body again, memory cells recognize antigen.
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_______________________________________________________________________
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Active immunity protects you for ___________________________________________
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Vaccination- Antigens of virus are __________________________________________.
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Vaccine- substance used in a vaccination.
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_____________________________, but you get a memory of the virus.
Consists of _______________________________ virus.
When You Get Sick
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Antibiotics- chemicals that ___________ ______________ or slows their growth
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__________________________________________________
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For a speedy recovery, ___________________________________, and get lots of ________.
Passive Immunity
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Results when ___________________ (instead of antigens) are given to a person.
Lasts only a _______________________.
Noninfectious Disease
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_____________ get passive immunity from ____________.
Diseases that _______________________________________________.
Have become _______________ than infectious diseases.
___________________________________.
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_________________________________- leading cause of death in America.
Allergies
Allergies- ____________________________________________________________
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Allergen- substance that ______________________ (pollen, dust, mold, foods, medicines, pets).
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Histamine- chemical that ___________________________.
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To reduce allergies, _______________________________!
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Asthma- a condition in which the ___________________________significantly. _____________________.
Diabetes
Diabetes- a condition where the ______________________________________________
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Insulin- allows body cells to take in __________________ and use it for energy.
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A person with diabetes has __________________, but their ___________________________________
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Diabetes symptoms: ____________________________________________, excessive thirst, frequent
urination, blindness, kidney failure, ______________________.
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Type 1 Diabetes- ___________________________, pancreas produces little insulin.
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Type 2 Diabetes- ______________________________________, can control symptoms by diet, weight
control, and exercise.
Cancer
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Cancer- disease where _____________________________________________________
Unchecked cells form ________________ (mitosis), which __________________________________
parts, and can spread throughout body.
Not all tumors are cancerous.
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Causes of cancer- ______________________________________________________.
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Carcinogens- __________________________________________________.
Ms. Edwards (Life Science) Unit 12 Immune System Study Guide
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Treatment- surgery, drugs, ____________________________________________________________
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To prevent cancer, avoid carcinogens.