Download Mental Health

Mental
 Some disorders are genetic or caused by something
psychological (functional) and some are due to injury
(organic)
 Good Mental/Emotional health demonstrate the
following characteristics
 Positive self-esteem
 Sense of belonging
 Sense of purpose
 Positive Outlook
 Autonomy
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Reaching Potential
Feeling Recognized
Belonging
Safety
Physical
Maslow
 Physical- satisfy basic needs hunger, thirst, shelter
 Safety- secure from danger
 Belonging- need to love and be loved
 Feeling recognized- need to achieve and recognized
 Reaching potential- self-actualization-striving to
become the best you can
Personality
 Personality is influenced by environment and heredity
 You have most control over behavior
 Does our personality play a role in our
mental/emotional health?
 Positive strategies for expressing needs, wants, and
feelings will help you choose behaviors that improve
health
 Assertive- standing up for your rights and beliefs in
firm but positive way
 What’s a non-threatening way to be assertive?
Personality
 You have three personality disorders:
 Antisocial disorder- people are irritable, aggressive,
impulsive, and violent, unable to show remorse
 Borderline disorder- frequently experience a series of
troubled relationships, engage in high risk activities,
poor self-esteem,
 Passive-aggressive disorder- uncooperative, resent
being told what to do but rely on others direction,
show anger indirectly,
Emotions
 Emotions- signals that tell your mind and body how to
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react
Hormones are what cause these affects to take place
What are some examples of emotions?
Happiness, sadness, love, empathy, fear, guilt, anger
Manage emotions by:
 Taking slow deep breaths
 Relaxing
 Writing in a journal
 Playing music
 Talking things over with a trusted adult
Defense Mechanisms
 Defense Mechanisms- mental processes that protect
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individuals from strong or stressful emotions and
situations
Ex: Repression-involuntary pushing of unpleasant
feeling out of conscious thought
Ex: Suppression-conscious pushing of unpleasantness
from ones mind
Ex: Rationalization-Making excuses instead of taking
responsibility
Ex: Regression-Reverting to an earlier stage of life
instead of dealing with problem in mature manner
Defense Mechanisms
 Ex: Denial- unconscious lack of acknowledgement of
something that is obvious to others
 Ex: Compensation- making up for weaknesses and
mistakes through gift-giving or hard work
 Ex: Projection- Attributing your own feelings or faults
to another person or group
 Ex: Idealization-Seeing someone else as perfect, ideal,
or more worthy than everyone else
Stress
 Stress- reaction of the body and mind to everyday
challenges and demands
 Causes of stress:
 Biological stressor- such as illness, disabilities, or injuries
 Environmental Stressor- such as poverty, pollution, crowding,
noise, or natural disasters
 Cognitive or thinking stressors- way you perceive a situation
or how it affects you and the world around you
 Personal behavior stressors- negative reactions in the body
and mind caused by using tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs or
by a lack of physical activity
 Life situation stressors- death of a pet, separation or divorce
of parents, having trouble in relationships with peers
Stress
 Body’s stress response is broken down into three parts
and uses two main body systems which are the
endocrine and nervous
 1st stage is the alarm stage which is also known as the
fight-or-flight response; uses hormone adrenaline
 2nd stage is resistance which is where your body
actually fights or flights
 3rd stage is fatigue which is what occurs to your body
once the stress is gone
Stress
 Physical effects of health: headache, asthma, high
blood pressure, weakened immune system, nausea,
dizziness
 Psychological effects of health: difficulty
concentrating, mood swings, poor judgment, seeing
only negative, memory problems
Stress management skills and
techniques
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Use refusal skills
Plan ahead
Get adequate sleep
Get regular physical activity
Eat nutritious food
Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
Redirect your energy
Relax and laugh
Keep positive outlook
Seek out support
Express your self
http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=129937
Depression
 Two types of depression:
 Reactive-response to stressful event, last longer than
the blues but goes away
 Major- medical condition requiring treatment, may
develop from reactive depression or result of a
chemical imbalance in the brain
 Major is a mood disorder also known as clinical
depression
 Affects ability to concentrate, sleep, perform at school
or work, handle everyday challenges and decisions
Anxiety
 Anxiety disorders- condition in which real or imagined
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fears are difficult to control, EX:
Phobia- strong irrational fear of something specific, maybe
unable to live normal life
Obsessive-compulsive disorder- trapped in a pattern of
repeated thoughts or behaviors
Panic disorder- sudden unexplained feeling of terror,
symptoms such as trembling, pounding heart, shortness of
breath or dizziness, fear and anxiety get in way of enjoying
life, occur anytime
Post-traumatic stress disorder- condition that may develop
after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or
caused physical harm, symptoms include flashbacks,
nightmares, numbness, sleeplessness, guilt
Mood Disorders
 Mood disorder- illness often with an organic cause
that involves mood extremes that interfere with
everyday living
 EX: Clinical depression
 Bipolar disorder- also known as manic depressive,
marked by extreme mood changes, energy levels, and
behavior
Eating disorder
 Psychological pressures, genetic factors, and obsession
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with body image can lead too
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating
These are all real, treatable medical illnesses
Other complications include heart problems and
kidney failure
Other Disorders
 Conduct disorder- a pattern of behavior in which the
rights of others or basic social rules are violated; more
common among males, low self-esteem, lying,
threatening, violence, unable to adapt to adulthood if
not treated
 Schizophrenia- severe mental disorder in which a
person loses contact with reality, symptoms delusions,
hallucinations, caused by genetics or chemical or
structural change in brain, appear between age 15 and
35, have difficulty understanding difference between
real and imaginary
Suicide
 Suicide- act of intentionally taking one’s own life
 Warning signs: Direct statement-I want to die, I don’t want
to live anymore, Indirect statement- Soon the pain will be
over, they will be sorry when I’m gone, Nonverbal-with
drawl from friends, bizarre behavior, deterioration in work,
substance abuse
 All talk about suicide must be taken serious even if you
think they are joking
 Cluster suicide- a series of suicides occurring within a short
period of time and involving several people in the same
school or community; can result from pacts or in response
to another suicide
Available help
 Psychiatrist-physician who treats mental disorder and
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prescribes medicine
Neurologist- treats organic disorders of brain and nervous
system
Clinical psychologist-diagnoses and treats emotional and
behavioral disorders with counseling
Counselor-help people with personal and educational
matters
Psychiatric social worker-provides guidance and treatment
in facilities or through agencies
School psychologist-specializes in problems in school
children
Therapy Methods
 Psychotherapy
 Behavior therapy
 Cognitive therapy
 Group therapy
 Biomedical therapy