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Imperialism in Africa
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• Imperialism: policy of extending a country's
power and influence
– Takeover of a country/territory by a stronger
country
– The goal was to dominate the economic, cultural
and political
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Motives for Imperialism
• Economic:
–
–
–
–
Industrial Revolution
Provided access to Raw Materials
Need for New Markets
Growing Population
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Motives for Imperialism
• Political:
• Military advantages
•Nationalism
•Expand Influence, Power, and increase Prestige
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Motives for Imperialism
• Cultural:
– Social Darwinism
• theory that individuals or groups
achieve advantage over others as
the result of genetic or biological
superiority
– “The White Man’s Burden”
• Western culture had an obligation
to help those in need, whether the
wanted it or not
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Industrial
Revolution
Markets for
Finished
Goods
Source for
Raw
Materials
European
Nationalism
Missionary
Activity
European
Motives
For Colonization
Military
& Naval
Bases
Social
Darwinism
Places to
Dump
Unwanted/
Excess Popul.
European
Racism
“White
Man’s
Burden”
Humanitarian
Reasons
Soc. & Eco.
Opportunities
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Scramble for Africa
• 1870: European control 10%
– David Livingstone
– Henry Stanley
– King Leopold II of Belgium
• The Congo established as private colony
• Ignites “Scramble for Africa”
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• Berlin Conference
(1884-1885)
– Agree on how to divide
Africa
– Only Liberia & Ethiopia
remain independent
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