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Bio 1108 Lab
Urinary System
List of Structures
Kidney Model (M) and Torso (T):
Pyramid and Nephron Model
Kidney (M, T)
Arcuate Blood Vessels
Renal Artery (M, T)
Bowman’s (Glomerular) Capsule
Renal Vein (M, T)
Glomerulus
Arcuate Blood Vessels (M)
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Renal cortex (M)
Afferent and Efferent Arterioles
Loop of Henle
Renal medulla (M)
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Renal pyramids (M)
Collecting Duct
Renal papillae (M)
Calyces (M)
Kidney Slide
Renal pelvis (M)
Fetal Pig
Glomeruli
Ureter (M,T)
•Kidney
Tubules
•Ureter
Urinary bladder (T)
•Urinary Bladder
Urethra (T)
•Urethra, Male
•Urethra, Female
Part 1 Gross Structures
12th Rib is the last rib
which is attached to
the vertebral column.
It is a floating rib due
to the single
attachment.
Renal arteries deliver blood to the kidneys.
Renal veins drain the kidneys.
The Ureters deliver urine to the urinary bladder.
The urinary bladder empties the urine through the
urethra.
Part 1 Gross Structures
Part 1 Gross Structures
Kidney
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra, male
Small
dot
Part 1 Gross Structures
BLADDER
KIDNEY
URETER
Part 1 Gross Structures
RECTUM
KIDNEY
URETER
Part 1 Gross Structures
bladder
Uterine horns
ovary
URETHRA
vagina
Urogenital
sinus
Female
Reproductive Organs
Part 1 Gross Structures
BLADDER
URETHRA
PENIS
TESTES
Part 1 Gross Structures
BLADDER, Reflected cranially
URETHRA, fetal pig and dark dot
on model
PENIS, fetal pig and coronal
section on model
TESTES, on fetal pig only
Part 2 Gross Structures
Filtrate Flow:
Filtrate is produced by the
nephron (unit of the
kidney).
Filtrate contains water, ions,
glucose, & amino acids.
Temporary presence.
Renal Cortex to Renal
Medulla to Calyces
In the Calyces, Filtrate is
renamed urine.
Urine Flow:
Urine flows from the
Calyces to the Renal
Pelvis to the Ureter to the
Urinary Bladder then
through the Urethra to
outside the body.
Part 2 Gross Structures
Filtrate flow: Renal Cortex to Renal Medulla to
Calyces)
Arcuate
Blood
Vessels
Calyces
Renal
Papillae
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Renal cortex
Arcuate artery and vein separate Renal Cortex from Renal
Medulla
Renal medulla
Renal pyramid
Renal papillae (end of renal pyramid & renal medulla)
Part 2 Gross Structures
Urine flow: Calyce to Renal Pelvis to Ureter
Renal
Pelvis
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Renal cortex
Arcuate artery and vein
Renal medulla
Renal pyramid
Renal papillae
Calyces (has urine)
Renal pelvis (has urine)
Ureter (has urine)
Calyce
ureter
Renal Cortex contains the Glomerulus Capusules that contains the
Glomerulus . The Glomerulus can be found on a model and the microscope
slide material. Tubules are also present.
Renal Medulla contains tubules that convey filtrate to the Collecting Duct.
The Collecting Duct empties into the Calyces which empty into the Renal
Pelvis.
The Glomerulus and tubules form the Nephron.
Part 2 Gross Structures: Renal Pyramid & Nephron Model
CL
DCT
CT
PCT
PCT
PCT
LH
DCT
LH
CT
The Nephron is found in both the Renal Cortex and Renal
Medulla
The Flow of the Filtrate:
The Filtrate is created when blood passes through the Glomerulus.
The blood pressure forces water containing ions and small molecules to enter the capsule of the
nephron. The capsule lumen (CL) is continuous with a sequence of tubules.
Filtrate flows from CL to PCT to LH to DCT to CT.
Filtration occurs at the
Glomerulus
90 two-liter bottles of
water /day =180 L
1% Filtrate
passes out
of the
Collecting
Duct as
Urine.
99% of the
Filtrate is
returned to the
venous system
F
i
l
t
r
a
t
e
Reabsorb
99% of the
Filtrate
Tubules
DCT
Afferent Arteriole
Efferent Arteriole
Glomerular
Capillaries
PCT
Glomerular
Capsule
1. Filtration: Production of
Filtrate
2. Reabsorption:
Reabsorb 99% of the
Filtrate
3. Secretion: of ions and
chemicals
Ammonia is Toxic
Urea is not Toxic
Urea is formed when amino acids are broken down
Urinary Bladder
Voluntary control
Involuntary control
Urinary Bladder fills and then empties
when you feel the “Urge to Purge”.
At 200ml
You are expected to void about
2 liters (<1%) per day.
T= ICF+ ECF = 25+15= 40L
In the cells
Between the
cells
In the blood
Urine output is
monitored for a
patient via a
catheter and bag.
ECF = IF + P=12 + 3= 15L
At the level of the tissue, multiple systems
deliver and remove substances.
Maintaining Homeostasis
Control of Blood
Homeostasis
Water decreases
Brain Receptors
Detect change
Control Center
Effectors
The Role of the Kidney is maintaining the
homeostasis of Blood Pressure & Volume
Blood Pressure &
Volume Drops
1. Kidney releases
RENIN (a hormone).
2. Blood Pressure
Increases and Blood
Volume increases.
Blood Pressure &
Volume Drops
1. The Brain creates
ADH (a hormone) and
secretes it via the
Posterior Pituitary .
2. ADH affects the
Kidney.
3. Kidney reabsorbs
more water.
4. Blood Volume
increases.
AntiDiuretic Hormone= ADH
Maintaining Blood pH Homeostasis
less
bicarbonate
ions
Bicarbonate ion is
reabsorbed which
decreases the
number of H+ so that
blood is more basic.
Bicarbonate ion is
excreted which
increases the
number of H+ so that
blood is more acidic.
Less H+
7. 45
-BloodpH
7.35
More H+
More bicarbonate
ions
H+ in urine reduces the pH so that
urine is more acidic.
A more acidic urine reduces the
frequency of Urinary Tract Infections
(UTI)
Microscopy of the Kidney
tubules
glomerulus
Understand the Flow
• What is
the Flow
of Blood
in the
Kidney?
• What is
the Flow
of Filtrate
in the
Kidney?
• What is
the Flow
of Urine?