Download study guide section 3-1 carbon compounds

STUDY GUIDE SECTION 3-1
CARBON COMPOUNDS
Name _____________________
Period __________
Date ____________
Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. _______The number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other atoms is
a. 1.
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
2. ______ A covalent bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a
a. single bond
b. double bond
c. triple bond
d. quadruple bond
3. ______ The breakdown of a polymer involves
a. hydrolysis
c. the breaking of hydrogen bonds
b. a condensation reaction
d. the breaking of ionic bonds
4. ATP releases energy when
a. it undergoes a condensation reaction.
b. a hydroxyl group is added to it.
c. a phosphate group is added to it.
d. a phosphate group is removed from it.
Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. Explain how inorganic and organic compounds differ._______________________________
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2. How do carbon’s bonding properties contribute to the existence of a wide variety of
biological molecules?
_________________________________________________________
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3. Name four types of functional groups:
A. ________________________________
B. ________________________________
C.______________________________
D. ______________________________
4. How are monomers, polymers, and macromolecules related? _________________________
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5. Explain how a polymer is broken down. _________________________________________
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6. Arrange the following in order of size, from smallest to largest: polymer, monomer, carbon
atom, macromolecule.________________________________________________________
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7. Explain how a water molecule is produced when glucose and fructose undergo a
condensation reaction. ________________________________________________________
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8. What are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP? What else is released during this reaction?
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STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
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STUDY GUIDE SECTION 3-2
MOLECULES OF LIFE
Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank.
1. ______Glycogen, starch and cellulose are
a. monosaccharides
b. disaccharides
c. polysaccharides
d. simple sugars
2. ______The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by
a. the R groups of the amino acids they contain.
b. the amino groups of the amino acids they contain.
c. the carboxyl groups of the amino acids they contain.
d. whether or not they contain any amino acids.
3. ______ Most enzymes
a. are changed by the reactions they catalyze.
b. increase that activation energy of the reactions they catalyze.
c. strengthen the chemical bonds in their substrate.
d. are sensitive to changes in temperature or pH.
4. The most important function of nucleic acids is
a. catalyzing chemical; reactions.
b. forming a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell.
c. storing energy
d. storing information related to heredity and protein synthesis.
Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. Compare the structure of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. _______
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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2. How are proteins constructed from amino acids? ________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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3. In the space below, draw the amino acid Alanine. Label the hydrogen atom, the carboxyl
group, the amino group, and the R group.
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4. Explain how amino acids differ from one another. _______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain why lipids store more energy per gram than other molecules. ________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. What are the functions of the two types of nucleic acids? __________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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7. What are the storage and quick-energy forms of carbohydrates found in animals, and how
are these forms structurally related? __________________________________________
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8. How many different kinds of monomers are there in starch? __________
How many different kinds of monomers are there in proteins? _________
How many different kinds of monomers are there in DNA? (nucleic acids)__________
9. What compound composes most of the cell membrane? _______________________
Describe the structure of this compound. ______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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10. Steroids are made of what type of molecule? ________________________
Provide two examples of steroids: ____________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS-Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided.
The diagram below shows the interaction of an enzyme and its substrate during a chemical reaction.
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