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Download Biology 11 21.1 Plant Evolution and Adaptations When scientists
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Biology11 21.1PlantEvolutionandAdaptations § § § § § § § Whenscientistscomparepresent-dayplantsandpresent-daygreenalgae,theyfindthe followingcommoncharacteristics: cellwallscomposedofcellulose celldivisionthatincludestheformationofa cellplate thesametypeofchlorophyllusedin photosynthesis similargenesforribosomalRNA foodstoredasstarch thesametypesofenzymesincellularvesicles Cuticle § Helpspreventtheevaporationofwaterfrom planttissues § Actsasabarriertoinvadingmicroorganisms Stomata § Adaptationsthatenabletheexchangeofgaseseven withthepresenceofacuticleonaplant § Openingsintheoutercelllayerofleavesandsome stems VascularTissues § Vasculartissueenablesfastermovementofsubstancesthanbyosmosisanddiffusion, andovergreaterdistances. § Vasculartissueprovidessupportandstructure,sovascularplantscangrowlargerthan nonvascularplants. Seeds § Aplantstructurethatcontainsanembryo, containsnutrientsfortheembryo,andis coveredwithaprotectivecoat § seedstosurviveharshenvironmental conditionsandthensproutwhenfavorable conditionsexist. Biology11 AlternationofGenerations § Gametophytegenerationproducesgametes. § Sporophytegenerationproducessporesthatcangrowtoformthenextgametophyte generation. § Duringplantevolution,thetrendwasfromdominantgametophytestodominant sporophytesthatcontainvasculartissue. PlantClassification § Nonvascularplantslack specializedtransport tissues. § Bryophytes § § § Anthocerophytes § Hepaticophytes SeedlessVascularPlants § Lycophytes § Pterophytes Seed-producingVascular Plants § Cycadophytes § Gnetophytes § Ginkgophytes § Coniferophytes § Anthophytes
