Download Specialized Cell Structures

10/15/2015
Found In
- Pro/Eukaryotes
- Plants
Cell Wall
• Description:
– Rigid outer layer
– Outside of cell membrane
• Function:
– Support
– Protection
– Helps cell maintain its shape
• Analogy
Specialized Cell
Structures
– Brick wall around a city
– Walls around a house
Cell Membrane
• Description:
– Outside covering of cell made of lipid
bilayer
• Function:
– Barrier between cell and its environment
– Controls what substances can enter or
leave the cell
– Provides support and
protection, especially in
cells without a cell wall
• Analogy
Found In
- Pro/Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Ribosomes
• Description:
– Made of protein and RNA
– Very small, spherical
shaped
• Function:
– Make proteins
• Analogy
– Factory
– City Limits
Found In
- Pro/Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Found In
- Pro/Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Cytoplasm
Found In
- Pro/Eukaryotes
- Animals
Flagella
• Description:
– Jelly-like substance that fills
the cell and surrounds the
organelles
• Function:
– Fills space between
organelles
– Contains materials needed
by the organelles
• Description:
– Long, thread-like extension of a cell
• Function:
– Helps cell move
• Analogy
– Fish tail
• Analogy
– Space around the buildings
and structures in the city
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10/15/2015
Found In
- Pro/Eukaryotes
- Animals
Nucleus
Cilia
• Description:
– Short, hair-like projection on
the cell surface
• Function:
– Used to sweep away things
from the cell surface or help
the cell move through fluid
• Analogy
– A broom
• Description:
– Core, central portion
of cell
• Function:
– Contains genetic
information (DNA)
– Directs cell activities
• Analogy
– City Hall
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Nuclear Membrane (Envelope)
• Description:
– Double-layer membrane
surrounding the nucleus
• Function:
– Separates nucleoplasm
from cytoplasm
• Analogy
– Walls of City Hall
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants
Chloroplast
• Description:
– Oval or bean shaped
structure with green color
• Function:
– Helps capture sunlight to
produce food (energy) for
plants
• Analogy
– Solar-powered
Power Plant
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Nucleolus
• Description:
– Round structure within
nucleus
– Made of protein and
RNA
• Function:
– Makes ribosomes
• Analogy
– Factory
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Golgi Apparatus
• Description:
– Flattened sacs called cisternae
• Function:
– Modifies and packages materials created in the
cell for transport (inside or outside of the cell)
• Analogy – Post Office
Special Notes
• Have own DNA
• Surrounded by 2
membranes
2
10/15/2015
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Special Notes
• Have own DNA
• Surrounded by 2
membranes
• Description:
• Description:
– Small sacs
• Function:
– Use digestive enzymes
to breakdown old/wornout organelles, viruses or
bacteria, and/or food
particles
• Analogy
– Garbage trucks
– Spherical or rodshaped
– Inner and outer
membranes
• Function:
– Converts sugars into
ATP (energy) for the
cell
• Analogy
– Power Plant
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Plastid
• Description:
• Description:
– Double-membrane bound organelle
• Examples: chloroplast, amyloplast, chromoplast
• Function:
– Involved in food storage or
photosynthesis; function depends
mostly upon which pigments
present
• Function:
are
– Helps make and transport new
proteins to Golgi apparatus or
outside of the cell
• Analogy
• Analogy
– Grocery Store
– Food Pantry
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Description:
– System of membranous tubes
and sacs
• Function:
–
–
–
–
– System of membranous tubes
and sacs with ribosomes on
the surface (making it appear
rough)
Makes lipids
Creates and stores steroids
Stores ions that cells might need
Metabolizes carbohydrates
• Analogy
– Processing Plant
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
– Highways
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Vacuole
• Description:
– Sacs: smaller in animal cells,
larger in plant cells
• Function:
– Store a variety of things such as
water, nutrients, or waste products
• Analogy
– Storage Building
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10/15/2015
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Vesicle
• Description:
– Small sacs
• Function:
– Stores, transports, or
digests materials
within the cell
• Analogy
– 18 Wheeler
Found In
- Eukaryotes
- Plants/Animals
Cytoskeleton
• Description:
– Flexible network of
protein filaments that
crisscross entire cell
• Microtubules
• Microfilaments
• Intermediate filaments
• Function:
– Structural support
– Enable cells to move &
divide
– Aids in movement of
organelles
• Analogy
– Roads
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