Download Cell Parts and Functions

Cell Parts and Functions
1.
organelles – structures in eukaryotic cells that carry out the functions of
the cell; most are surrounded by a membrane
2.
Cell membrane – covers all cells, keeping cytoplasm inside, regulates what
enters and exits the cell
3.
Cell wall – a rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells
of plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria
4.
cytoplasm – the gel-like fluid that is found inside a cell surrounding the
organelles
5.
nucleus – cell library or brain which controls all the activities of the cell
and contains the hereditary material (DNA)
6.
DNA – contains the information needed for a cell to make new cells, the
hereditary material, found in the nucleus (deoxyribonucleic acid)
7.
ribosomes – make proteins; smallest but most numerous organelle
8.
endoplasmic reticulum – ER, moves materials around in a cell in a series of
folded membranes, can be rough or smooth
9.
mitochondria – releases energy or fuel for the entire cell by breaking down
food. The energy is called ATP.
10.
chloroplasts – in plant cells and algae, green in color, contain chlorophyll
that uses light energy to produce sugar (glucose, food) from carbon
dioxide and water
11.
Golgi bodies – package cellular materials and transport them within or out
of the cell
12.
vacuoles – stores food, water, waste products, and other liquids, and are
very large in plant cells
13.
lysosomes – contain digestive chemicals that help break down food
molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts, and even the whole cell
when it dies
14.
cell – the smallest unit of an organism that can carry on life functions
15.
tissue – a group of cells that work together to do one job and each cell has
a part to do to keep the tissue alive
16.
organ – a structure made of two or more different tissue types that work
together to do a job
17.
organ system – when a group of organs work together to perform a certain
function
18.
multi-cellular organism – several organ systems work together to keep an
organism alive; all the parts cannot survive on their own; the cells must be
in the organism to stay alive
Cell
Tissue
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
19.
unicellular organism – a one-celled organism, it performs all its life
functions by itself; does not need other cells to survive
20.
Homeostasis – an organism’s ability to keep the proper conditions inside
their bodies no matter what is going on outside the organism
21.
Living things
 are organized in structure
 respond to their surroundings
 use energy
 grow and develop
 reproduce
Needs
 a place to live; environment with what that organism needs,
space
 raw materials – water, proteins, fats, and sugars
22. All cells




have
cell membranes
cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes
Two Types of Cells
1.
Prokaryotic Cells
 Bacteria
 Do not have a nucleus
 World’s smallest cells
 Have only ribosomes, cell walls, cytoplasm, cell membranes and DNA
 DNA is one long, circular molecule shaped like a rubber band
 First cells on Earth, 3.5 billion years ago
2.
Eukaryotic Cells
 All cells except bacteria
 Have a nucleus
 Have many different organelles in the cytoplasm
 About 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells
 more complex than prokaryotic cells
 DNA in the nucleus and linear
 Plant and fungi have a cell wall, other eukaryotic cells do not
 First appeared on Earth 2 billion years ago