Download What causes Earth`s surface to change?

Lesson 1
Earth’s Landforms
Lesson 2
Plate Tectonics
Lesson 3
Volcanoes
Lesson 4
Earthquakes
Lesson 5
Shaping Earth’s Surface
What causes Earth’s
surface to change?
landform
relief map
topographical map
atmosphere
hydrosphere
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
What are landforms?
mountain
waterfall
plateau
canyon
desert
hill
valley
tributary
lake
river
plain
inlet
cliff
coast
ocean
delta
estuary
dune
beach
What are the features of the ocean floor?
continent
sea mount
rift valley
trench
continental shelf
mid-ocean
ridge
continental slope
continental rise
abyssal
plain
How are Earth’s features mapped?
Relief Map of
Nunviak Island, AK
Topographical Map of
Nunviak Island, AK
What are Earth’s layers?
atmosphere
hydrosphere
crust
upper mantle
lower
mantle
inner
core
outer
core
Main Idea
What are Earth’s layers?
• atmosphere
• hydrosphere
• crust
• upper mantle
• lower mantle
• outer core
• inner core
Vocabulary
The layer of Earth’s interior below the crust is
called the ____________.
All of Earth’s liquid and solid water makes up its
____________.
The ____________ is made of solid metals.
A ____________ is a physical feature on Earth’s surface.
The rocky layer of Earth’s surface is called the
____________.
crust
hydrosphere
inner core
landform mantle
Vocabulary
The ________________ includes all of the gases
around Earth.
A map that uses shading to show elevations is
called a ________________.
The ________________ is made of liquid metals.
topographical map uses lines to show elevation.
A ________________
topographical
atmosphere outer core relief map
map
Classify
Which features of the ocean
floor angle downward and
which angle upward?
Upward
Downward
continental slope
seamount
continental rise
mid-ocean ridge
continental shelf
trenches
submarine canyon
End of Lesson
geologist
plate tectonics
magma
fault
Is Earth’s crust moving?
225 million
years ago
200 million
years ago
Present Day
What causes the ocean floor to spread?
Scientists have developed a theory called plate tectonics
to explain how forces deep within Earth can cause ocean
floors to spread and continents to move.
How do mountains form?
Folded Mountains
Fault-Block Mountains
Main Idea
Is Earth’s crust stationary or moving?
moving
Vocabulary
The theory of _____________ explains how forces
deep within Earth can cause ocean floors to
spread and continents to move.
Deep cracks in Earth’s crust are called _________.
A _____________ is a scientist who examines
rocks to find out Earth’s history and structure.
Magma
_____________
is hot, melted rock.
faults
geologist
magma
plate tectonics
Cause and Effect
What causes the ocean
floor to spread?
magma flows
up
magma pushes
ocean rock up
magma breaks
through ocean
floor
rock pushes
outward in
opposite directions
End of Lesson
volcano
lava
shield volcano
cinder-cone
landslide
volcano
composite volcano
island chain
hot spot
island arc
Where are volcanoes found?
How do volcanoes build land?
laccolith
dike
batholith
sill
How do volcanoes build islands?
Oahu
Molokai
Kauai
Maui
ocean
direction
of plate
movement
Hawaii
hot spot
magma
Main Idea
What is a volcano?
A place where magma reaches
and flows onto Earth’s surface.
Vocabulary
Shield volcanoes
____________________
are built by thinner,
fluid lava that spreads out over a large area.
A stationary pool of magma is called a
____________________.
Once magma reaches Earth’s surface, it is called
____________________.
Cinder-cone volcanoes are built by thick lava that is
____________________
thrown high into the air and falls as chunks or cinders.
cinder-cone volcanoes hot spot lava shield volcanoes
Vocabulary
Composite volcanoes are built by layers of ash and
___________________
cinders sandwiched between layers of hardened lava.
In areas where an ocean-floor plate is pushed under
another ocean-floor plate, an ___________________
is formed.
A __________________ is an opening in Earth’s crust.
An ___________________ is a line of volcanic
mountains.
composite volcanoes island arc island chain volcano
Infer
area
closest to
the hot
spot
Where will the next Hawaiian
Island be located?
The islands are in
a line from oldest
to youngest.
The next island
will be located
past the
youngest.
End of Lesson
earthquake
focus
epicenter
magnitude
tsunami
What is an earthquake?
fault
epicenter
An earthquake
is a sudden
movement of
Earth’s crust.
focus
What waves do earthquakes make?
outer core
lower mantle
inner core
Key
S waves
P waves
How is an earthquake’s energy measured?
How can people prepare?
Buildings in San Francisco
have been designed to resist
damage from earthquakes.
Main Idea
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is a sudden
movement of Earth’s crust.
Vocabulary
When the waves reach Earth’s surface, they spread out
from a point called the ____________.
An ____________ is a sudden movement of Earth’s crust.
The place where the slipping begins is called the
earthquake’s ____________.
When an earthquake occurs underneath the ocean,
it can produce a huge wave called a ____________.
Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy
____________
released by an earthquake.
earthquake
epicenter
focus
magnitude
tsunami
Draw
Conclusions
What can you conclude
has happened if a tsumani
strikes a shore?
A tsumani strikes
the shore.
An earthquake has
occurred on the
ocean floor.
End of Lesson
weathering
erosion
glacier
deposition
landslide
meander
sediment
floodplain
What is weathering?
Weathering is the process through which
rocks or other materials are broken down.
What is erosion?
Erosion is the process through
which weathered rock is moved
from one place to another.
What is deposition?
The process by which eroded materials, such
as sediments, are dropped off in another place
is called deposition.
How are shorelines changed?
When water collects on land that is normally dry, it
is called a flood.
How can shorelines be protected?
Fences and grasses help
keep sand dunes from being
eroded by wind.
Some barricades may be
built to prevent large waves
from causing floods.
Main Idea
What processes break down
and build up land?
Weathering and erosion
break down land, and
deposition builds up land.
Vocabulary
A ____________ is a large mass of slowly
flowing ice.
Particles of soil and rock that are carried
along in water are called ____________.
Weathering is the process through which
____________
rocks or other materials are broken down.
A ____________ is a place that is easily
flooded when river water rises.
floodplain
glacier
sediment
weathering
Vocabulary
Erosion
____________
is the process through which
weathered rock is moved from one place to
another.
Meanders
____________,
or gentle loops, sometimes
form in rivers with slow-moving water.
The process by which eroded materials
are dropped off in another place is
called ____________.
deposition
erosion
meanders
Problem and
Solution
If you needed to
prevent waves
from eroding a
beech what
would you do?
beach erosion
find cause of erosion
levees, fences, grasses
End of Lesson