Download Shaping Earths surface Ch 4 lesson 2

SHAPING EARTH’S
SURFACE
Chapter 4
Lesson 2
EARTHQUAKE
Is the vibrations caused by
the rupture and sudden
movement of rocks along a
break or a crack in Earth’s
crust.
FAULT
Is a crack or a fracture
in Earth’s crust where
movement occurs.
MAGNITUDE
The amount of energy released
during an earthquake.
Ranges from less than 1 to 9.9
The higher the number the
stronger the earthquake.
TRANSFORM BOUNDARY
The crust moves horizontally past each
other.
Features that cross the fault such as
streams are shifted.
DIVERGENT BOUNDARY
In oceans these boundaries form midocean ridges.
On land these boundaries form valleys.
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY SUBDUCTION
Subduction zone (one plate
goes under the other).
Volcanoes form.
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY NO
SUBDUCTION
When neither plate subducts the plates
become crumpled and deformed.
This results in the formation of tall
mountains.
VOLCANOES
Are vents in Earth’s crust
through which molten
(melted) rock flows.
MAGMA
Molten (melted) rock stored
beneath Earth’s surface.
LAVA
Is magma that erupts onto Earth’s
surface.
ERUPTIONS
1- Slowly and calm, lava flows over the
surface.
2- Violent ash and lava bombs sent into
the atmosphere.
MID-OCEAN RIDGE
Long, narrow mountains
formed by magma at divergent
boundaries.
New crust forms
here