Download PASS MOCK MIDTERM #2 – FOR PRACTICE ONLY

PASS MOCK MIDTERM #2 – FOR PRACTICE ONLY Course: GEOG 1010 A Facilitator: Rachel Canham It is most beneficial to you to write this mock midterm under pretend EXAM CONDITIONS. Complete as much of this mock as you like, but do try it first without your notes to get an idea of where you stand. After, you can use your notes/textbook to fill in your knowledge gaps. Record your ideas/problems in the margins to remind yourself of what you were thinking when you take it up at PASS. The purpose of this mock exam is to give you practice. Use this mock exam as a Iearning tooI in preparing for the actual exam. •
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Come to the PASS session with your mock exam complete. There, you can work with other students to review your work Often, there is not enough time to review the entire mock exam in the PASS session. Decide which questions you most want to review – the facilitator may ask students to vote on which questions they want to discuss. Facilitators do not bring copies of the mock exam to the session. Please print out and complete the exam before you attend. Facilitators do not produce or distribute an answer key for mock exams. Facilitators help students to work together to compare and assess the answers they have. If you are not able to attend the PASS session, you can work alone or with others in the class. Remember, this is not meant to be an all-­‐inclusive study guide. It only is a sample of the lecture material and does not necessarily reflect what the real test will be like in any way. The PASS session after reading week will cover last weeks lecture topics (Soils/Weathering) in more detail. Best of luck! DISCLAIMER: PASS worksheets are d esigned as a study aid only for in PASS workshops. Worksheets may contain errors, intentional or otherwise. It is up to the student to verify the information contained within. PLEASE NOTE: THIS WORKSHEET IS NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED 1 Part A: Multiple Choice 1. Earthquakes and volcanoes are examples of ______ processes which are driven by _____. a. endogenic / solar energy b. exogenic / solar energy c. endogenic / radioactive decay d. exogenic / radioactive decay 2. Earth’s magnetic field is generated in the _________ a. inner core b. outer core c. lower mantle d. upper mantle 3. Which statement is true? a. Limestone is an extrusive igneous rock b. Marble is the sedimentary version of limestone c. Limestone is a clastic sedimentary rock d. Marble is the metamorphic version of limestone 4. The transfer of weathered material by wind water or ice is known as ______. a. erosion b. mass movement c. physical weathering d. denudation 5. The actual number of water molecules present as water vapour in the air is known as: a. Actual humidity b. Relative humidity c. Absolute humidity d. Specific humidity 6. Which statement is true about relative humidity? a. It stays constant as temperature changes b. It indicates how close to the dew point and saturation we are c. It is the ratio of the actual humidity over the maximum humidity possible at a specific temperature d. a and c e. b and c 7. The metamorphic rock formed from granite is: a. Gneiss b. Marble c. Schist d. Quartzite 8. The term for the front created after the cold front has caught up to the warm front in a mid-­‐latitude cyclone is: a. orographic front b. occluded front c. oblivious front d. innocuous front 9. The sharp release of energy associated with movement along faults is called: a. a strike-­‐slip fault b. an earthquake c. a reverse fault d. faulty movement 10. The term describing how the Earth’s crust will adjust to the amount of overlying weight is called: a. Crustal adjustment b. Igneous Adjustment c. Asthenospheric Adjustment 2 d. Isostatic Adjustment 11. What is false about mid-­‐ocean ridges a. they are the site of the oldest crust b. they are located at oceanic-­‐oceanic divergent zones c. they are sea-­‐floor spreading centres d. they are where magma cools rapidly into basalt 12. Adiabatic cooling of an air parcel is caused by: a. Air expansion due to decreased air pressure at higher altitudes b. Air compression due to increased air pressure at higher altitudes c. Air cooling due to exchange of cooler air at higher altitudes d. a and c 13. 9. Which of the following is not a type of tectonic plate boundary? a. Strike-­‐slip b. convergent c. divergent d. transform 14. The Himalayas are the result of a a. continental-­‐continental convergence boundary b. oceanic-­‐continental convergence boundary c. continental-­‐continental divergence boundary d. oceanic-­‐continental convergence boundary 15. Which of the following processes are encompassed within the term “Denudation”? a. erosion b. weathering c. mass wasting d. all of the above e. A and B 16. Which of the following is not a condition required for karst formation? a. The presence of calcium carbonate rock b. The presence of vegetation c. The presence of felsic igneous rock d. The presence of moisture 17. Which type of mass movement is associated with volcanoes? a. mudslide b. pyroclastics c. debris avalanche d. lahar 18. Which item does not belong in the list below: a. Earthquakes b. Volcanoes c. Erosion d. Orogenesis 19. The sharp release of energy associated with movement along faults is called: a. a strike-­‐slip fault b. an earthquake c. a reverse fault d. faulty movement 20. The subsurface area where the motion of seismic waves is initiated along a fault plane is a. Focus b. Epicenter c. Foreshock d. shockwave 3 21. Continental-­‐continental convergence plates result in a. folding b. faulting c. uplifting d. all of the above 22. Oceanic-­‐continental plates create which of the following? a. Rift valley b. Subduction zone c. Transform faults d. Divergent boundaries 23. In which setting does volcanic activity NOT occur? a. Transform boundaries b. Along subduction boundaries c. At hot spots d. Along sea-­‐floor spreading centers 24. Effusive eruptions are characteristic of which of the following volcanoes? a. Conical b. Shield c. Composite d. Andesitic 25. Which of the following describes the gravitational equilibrium between the Earth’s lithosphere and the asthenosphere? a. Mantle convection b. Orogeny c. Isostacy d. Buoyancy 26. Which of the following is not a result of chemical weathering? a. Change in colour b. Rounding of surfaces c. Felsenmeer surfaces d. Spheroidal weathering Part B: Fill in the Blanks 1. The crust and the uppermost mantle is collectively called the ___________________________. 2. Erosion and weathering are examples of _______________ processes are driven by _____________ ____________. 3. The plastic part of the Earth under the lithosphere is known as the ____________________. 4. Rocks that cooled directly from lava above the Earth’s surface are called ______________ ____________ rocks. 5. Alfred Wegener first describe the theory of __________________ ___________; however, he was unable to describe how the driving mechanism behind it. 6. _________________ is the in situ physical breakdown or chemical decomposition of rocks under surface conditions. 7. Hawaii and Iceland are examples of _______________. 8. ________________ is the condition of the atmosphere at any given time and at any given place. 12. ______________ is the consistent behaviour of weather over time, including its variability. 4 13. The birth of mountain is a process referred to as ______________________. 14. ____________________ weathering is the mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces. 15. ____________________ weathering is the decomposition of the internal structure of the rocks. 16. The downward movement of material by gravity is known as ________________ _________________. 17. Movement will only occur if the ________________________ force is greater than the __________________ force. 18. The transfer of material by wind, water and ice is known as ___________________. 19. If an air parcel is warmer than the surrounding temperature then it is considered __________________ and it will ________. 20. The _____________ fronts move faster than __________ fronts. 21.________________________ zone occurs at continental-­‐oceanic convergent zones. Part C: True or False 1.
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Adiabatic temperature change is caused by the exchange of heat energy as the air parcel rises or falls. T / F Effusive volcanic eruptions are associated with sea-­‐floor spreading centres and hot spots. T / F Cyclones are areas of high pressure. T / F Overall, relative humidity is lowest during the winter compared to the summer. T / F Volcanic ash from large eruptions tends to increase global temperatures. T / Island arcs can form at oceanic-­‐oceanic subductions zones and follow the plate boundaries. T / F The angle of sliding friction is always greater than the angle of repose. T / F At subduction zones, the less dense oceanic crust sinks below the continental crust. T / F Effusive volcanic eruptions are associated with sea-­‐floor spreading centres and hot spots. T / F Chemical weathering is more prevalent in Ecuador than in Iceland. T / F The epicentre is located above the hypocentre. T / F The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform tectonic plate boundary. T / F Part D: Diagrams/Charts 1. Label the layers of the Earth in the image below. Indicate the layers that make up the lithosphere. 5 2. Fill in the chart by providing the right option under each column. Options Continental Crust Mostly granite / basalt Higher / lower density Mostly Si & Feldspar / Fe & Mg Felsic / Mafic Darker colour / lighter colour Rocks have larger / smaller grain size Intrusive / Extrusive Cools faster / slower Mostly effusive / explosive volcanoes 3. Compare the features of igneous extrusive vs. intrusive rocks Intrusive Plutonic/Volcanic? Most common rock example Mostly found on which type of crust? Cools above or below surface? Cooling rate Grain size Oceanic Crust Extrusive 4. Label each type of fault shown below. 6 5. Fill in the following chart showing the characteristics of the volcanoes Magma Composition Silica Magma Gas Eruption Type Content Viscosity Content Type Volcano Example Shield Volcanoes (e.g. Hawaii) Composite Volcanoes (e.g. Mt Fuji, Mt. Vesuvius etc.) 6. The diagram below shows the source of an earthquake. Label the specific terms given to the location above and below the surface. 7. Pretend the diagram below is of Canada’s west coast. Label and draw in more detail and describe what is happening at each letter. Be sure to throw in as many physical geography terms as possible as well as approximate temperatures for each point. A. B. C. D. 7 8. What is the name of the phenomenon shown in the above diagram? 9. List the 4 atmospheric lifting mechanisms, briefly describe how each one works and provide a diagram. 10. Describe how Lake Effect works and which side of the lake will receive more snow in the winter. 11. Describe the recycling of oceanic crust using a diagram. Include the following labels and any others you can think of: Subduction zone Continental crust Oceanic crust mid-­‐ocean ridge sea-­‐floor spreading centre Youngest rock Oldest rock Convergent boundary Divergent boundary Melting Volcano *Note: the diagram is from the textbook/slides 8 12. From the diagram below, determine if the air parcel is stable or unstable and state how you knew this. If it is unstable, and assuming it is a dry air parcel, what will the new temperature be after rising 1km? 13. Match the words In the left column to the words that best goes with the words/statement in the right column Dissolution of carbonates The OH-­‐ and H+ from water cause the decomposition of rocks/minerals Hydration Sheeting of overlying rock Hydrolysis Karst topography Oxidation Water expands ~9% when frozen Pressure Release Jointing CaSO4 + H2O -­‐> CaSO.2H2O Frost Action Fe + O2 -­‐> Fe2O3 (i.e. rust) Part E: Short Answer 1. Describe the difference between weathering and erosion. 9 2. Write the names of the 3 lapse rates and their respective rates in oC / 1km. 3. List the 3 types of rock, briefly describe how they are made, and give an example of each. 4. What are the 2 main types of physical weathering? Describe how they work. 5. What are the different types of chemical weathering? Describe how they occur. 6. What factors influence the rate of weathering? 10 7. What type of climate are physical and chemical weathering each most likely to occur in? 8. Describe how karst topography forms and what sort of landforms might be found there. 9. List 3 difference between a shield volcano and a composite volcano. 10. What are the features produced by frost action? Describe them. 11