Download AP European History

AP European History
Chapter 18: Toward a New World-view
Name:____________________
Period:__________
Complete the graphic organizer as you read Chapter 18. DO NOT simply hunt for the answers; doing so will leave holes in your
understanding of the text. Be sure to include details regarding political/diplomatic, cultural/intellectual and social/economic themes.
I.
The Scientific Revolution
What was “modern science”?
What was the significance?
What are the various viewpoints?
a. Scientific Thought in 1500
Explain the “Aristotelian” view of the
universe:
How did Aristotle’s ideas impact thinking
about physics and motion?
Why were Aristotle’s ideas so accepted,
especially by the Church?
What was the Copernican Hypothesis?
How did it challenge accepted beliefs?
Explain the “Great Chain of Being”:
b. The Copernican Hypothesis
Who was Ptolemy? What were his beliefs?
c. From Brahe to Galileo: identify the contributions of each of the following astronomers:
Tycho Brahe
Johannes Kepler
Why did the trial of Galileo have such great importance for reformers of the era?
d. Newton’s Synthesis
What was the significance of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)?
Explain the law of universal gravitation, and its importance:
Galileo Galilei
e. Causes of the Scientific Revolution: How did each contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
Medieval Intellectual Life
The Renaissance
Nautical Navigation
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes
f. Some Consequences of the Scientific Revolution
1.
2.
Religion
II.
The Enlightenment
Define and explain the three central concepts of Enlightenment thinking:
a. The Emergence of the Enlightenment
How did each of the following connect the scientific revolution to the new outlook on life?
Bernard de Fontenelle
Religious Truth
Pierre Bayle
John Locke and tabula rasa
b. The Philosophes and the Public
What is a philosophe?
Why did the Enlightenment reach its highest development in France?
1)
2)
3)
What is the difference between “the public” and “the people”?
How did the philosophes spread their information to the public? Why was this necessary?
Describe the major works and contributions of the following individuals (provide plenty of info):
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Madame du Chatelet
Denis Diderot
c. The Later Enlightenment: Explain the contributions of the following philosophes.
Baron Paul d’Holbach
David Hume
Basic Ideas
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Long-Term Impacts (i.e., Romanticism)
d. Urban Culture and Public Opinion
How did the Enlightenment influence the interest in books?
Marquis de Condorcet
Political Theory
What was the salon? How did it help to spread Enlightenment ideas?
How did women help to influence the Enlightenment? Be sure to include Madame Geoffrin.
III.
The Enlightenment and Absolutism
What was enlightened absolutism?
Why did the philosophes focus on enlightening the monarchs rather than the general population?
Describe each of the following monarchs. How were each of them enlightened absolutists?
Frederick II of Prussia
Maria Theresa
Catherine the Great of Russia
&
“_____________________ the ____________”
Joseph II of Austria
a. Absolutism in France
After 1715, how did the French monarchy begin to lose control over the nobility?
b. The Overall Influence of the Enlightenment
Evaluate the overall influence of the Enlightenment on France:
Evaluate the overall influence of the Enlightenment on eastern and east-central Europe:
What conclusion have most historians come to, in regard to answering the question as to why absolutists would embrace reform?
IV.
The Document-Based Question (DBQ)
a. Please read the “Introduction” on page A-2 (at the end of the textbook). Keep that in mind as you examine the documents on
page A-10.
DBQ 5: Toward a New World View
Question: How did the new world-views of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries affect the way Europeans thought about society and
human relations?
Document
1:
Rene
Descartes,
Document
2:
John Locke, Some
Document 3: Catherine the Great,
Document 4: Mary
Document
Discourse on Method
Thoughts Concerning Education
Summary
Point of View
Write a thesis statement that specifically addresses the above question:
Decree on Serfs
Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of
the Rights of Woman
In the space below, outline how you would answer one of the following Free Response Essay Questions
1. Analyze the ways in which European monarchs used both the arts and the sciences to enhance state power in the period circa 1500–1800.
2. Analyze the ways in which the ideas of seventeenth-century thinkers John Locke and Isaac Newton contributed to the ideas of eighteenth-century
Enlightenment thinkers.
3. Analyze how Galileo, Descartes, and Newton altered traditional interpretations of nature and challenged traditional sources of knowledge.
4. Assess the impact of the Scientific Revolution on religion and philosophy in the period 1550 to 1750.
5. Compare and contrast the goals and major policies of Peter the Great of Russia (1682-1725) with those of Frederick the Great of Prussia (17401786).
Partitions of Poland
Page 620
On each map, color Austria, Russia, Prussia & Poland