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U6A1 What happens to the potential differences between various points for series, parallel and combination circuits Consensus: 1. When connected in parallel, the voltmeter readings are consistent with electric pressure difference values based on color-coding. 2. In series, the individual pressure differences across each resistor add up to approximately the same value as the electric pressure difference across the battery. Vbattery Vseries 3. In parallel, the electric pressure difference across each branch is approximately the same as the electric pressure difference as the battery. Vbattery V branch NOTE: The sum of the electrical potential differences (voltage) around any closed network is zero, or: More simply, the sum of electrical potential gains in any closed loop is equivalent to the sum of the potential drops in that loop. Here, n is the total number of voltages measured. This law is based on the conservation of energy and voltage is defined as the energy per unit charge. The total amount of energy gained per unit charge must equal the amount of energy lost per unit charge in the closed system of conserved charge. New Terms: Voltmeter: A device with high resistance that measures the electric pressure difference when connected in parallel. The units are recorded in volts.