Download Comprehension

Warm-Up
Mini-News Reading
Text A
Text B
Warm-up
Do you post anything online?
What kind of information do you post online?
What may threaten the cyber security?
What can we do to ensure our cyber security?
Mini-News
Reading
whistleblower: 告密者
surveillance: 监视
NSA: National Security Agency 国家安全局
embroil:使（自己或他人）卷入纠纷
What is your understanding of this
piece of news?
Have you worried about the security
of your own IT facilities?
Text A
Text A
1. have a Facebook account
2. post something online
3. wind up in the public eye
4. gotten a text or a call
5. permission
6. it comes to the internet
7. world wide web
8. In that desk drawer
9. in a written form
10. ignorance
11. failure
12. need guidance
Text A
Directions: Read Text A and try to divide it into three
parts. Then summarize the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (para. 1-2): Real name system is
adopted to regulate the internet anonymity .
Part 2 (para. 3-7): Real name
registration online threatens cyber security.
Part 3 (para. 8-9): It is a dilemma to strike
a balance between anonymity and privacy.
Comprehension
Read paragraphs 1-2 and answer the following
questions.
* What does the cartoon featuring two dogs
sitting in front of a computer try to reveal?
1. Why do some websites ask the users to
provide their real names?
Comprehension
* What does the cartoon featuring two dogs
sitting in front of a computer try to reveal?
• The cartoon featuring two dogs sitting in front
of a computer captured the freewheeling
anonymity of the early stages of internet
adoption, which doesn’t work now.
Comprehension
1. Why do some websites ask the users to
provide their real names?
• Some websites ask the users to provide their
real names because in this way on-line
discussions will be expected to be more civil if
people have to reveal their identities.
Comprehension
Read paragraphs 3-7 and answer the following
questions.
2. Could you name any techniques mentioned
in this passage which can be used to reveal
users’ identity?
* Can you give an example to illustrate the
unfavorable application of “cookies”?
Comprehension
2. Could you name any techniques mentioned in this
passage which can be used to reveal users’ identity?
• One way involves “cookies”, which are snippets of
data deposited on visitors’ computers, so that
returning visitors can be recognized.
• Another technique relies on “history stealing”, in
which a security flaw in a user’s web browser allows
rogue websites to retrieve fragments of the user’s
browsing history.
Comprehension
* Can you give an example to illustrate the
unfavorable application of “cookies”?
• In 2010, however, privacy experts twice
pointed out that Facebook was sending
information about its users to the same
advertisers that track browsing using cookies.
Comprehension
Read paragraphs 8-9 and answer the following
questions.
3. What is the difference between privacy and
anonymity, according to Eric Schmidt?
4. What does the author mean by saying “anonymity
is freeing”?
5. What might be the consequence if the days of
anonymous browsing are over?
6. What do you think of anonymous browsing? Do
you think it should be abolished? Give your reasons.
Comprehension
3. What is the difference between privacy and
anonymity, according to Eric Schmidt?
•
According to Eric Schmidt, privacy should be
respected, while absolute anonymity mustn’t be
encouraged, since it may lead to some very difficult
decisions for the government and society as a whole.
Comprehension
4. What does the author mean by saying
“anonymity is freeing”?
•
This term means that anonymity allows people to
do all types of activities without subjecting
themselves to unpleasant judgment, which would
not be possible if their identities are revealed.
Comprehension
5. What might be the consequence if the days of
anonymous browsing are over?
•
If the days of anonymous browsing are over, it
would “frost keyboards”, which means to
discourage people from using the Internet.
Comprehension
6. What do you think of anonymous
browsing? Do you think it should be
abolished? Give your reasons.
Open Question.
Summary
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. anonymity
2. preliminary
3. eroded
4. pseudonym
5. comments
6. threat
7. privacy
8. associated
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
9. target
10. vulnerability
11. network
12. prophet
13. access
14. chilling
15. discourage
Chart-Filling
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
freewheeling anonymity
real name registration
check identity
cookies
history stealing
reveal everything about its users
Text B
Comprehension
Read Text B and answer the following questions.
1. What does real name registration refer to in China? Why is
this policy being implemented?
2. Why is implementing real name registration easier said than
done?
3. What is the significance of online socialization to most
netizens?
4. What options could the government have when it comes to
enforcing the policy? What might be their implications?
5. Are you for or against the real name Internet policy? Why /
Why not?
Comprehension
* What methods does Chinese government employ
to exorcise “bad speech” from the Internet?
Governments employ a number of methods to
exorcise "bad speech" from the Internet. Real
name registration is just one tool of the trade.
Some might suggest that real name registration
and other methods, such as the occasional
"purge" of outspoken commentators, is working
for China.
Comprehension
1. What does real name registration refer to in China?
Why is this policy being implemented?
Real name registration refers to the rule requiring web
users to register their real name and their national
identification number with online service providers
before posting comments on providers' websites. The
purported targets are the usual suspects: libel, fraud,
pornography, and rumor. Free speech advocates have
raised legitimate concerns.
Comprehension
2. Why is implementing real name registration easier said than
done?
Implementing real name registration is easier said than
done because online service providers and citizens may
have better reasons to resist. It's fair to ask whether the
relevant government agencies have the wherewithal to
force the issue. Therefore, successful implementation of
real name registration policies will vary depending on the
type of media. Platforms like Facebook, which are largely
social-driven ---- that is, structured around interpersonal
relationships ---- are going to have an easier time getting
users to comply with real name policies compared with
more content-driven platforms like microblogs.
Comprehension
3. What is the significance of online socialization to most
netizens?
For many netizens, life without online social
interaction is unimaginable. Social media pervades
everyday lives. In societies where the state has
restricted traditional media, the Internet offers an eyeopening and unique atmosphere. Moreover, the ability
to connect to a broader network is meaningful to
people because it affirms their individual dignity.
Minorities and people open to unconventional views
can see that they are not alone.
Comprehension
4. What options could the government have when it comes
to enforcing the policy? What might be their implications?
Government could agglomerate users onto one or a
few of the more pliant platforms; or shut down a
platform that is not fully cooperating with the real
name policy .
Comprehension
4. What options could the government have when it comes
to enforcing the policy? What might be their implications?
Real name registration might work to undermine
market consolidation; a prolonged shutdown could
produce widespread public discontent, further fracture
the market, and probably force the government to deal
with new market entrants, who may be even less
cooperative than the “devils that they know.”
Comprehension
5. Are you for or against the real name
Internet policy? Why / Why not?
(Open Question)
Translation
1. Taking this one step further, if real name
registration were successfully implemented, and
anonymity were effectively banned on the
Internet, that would likely degrade content in the
eyes of platform users and probably drive users
away from China's popular microblogs. (para. 7)
往前推进一步来看，即使成功实施实名制并有效
阻止网络匿名行为，这将有可能有损网络平台用
户对信息内容的评价，进而很可能降低中国境内
备受欢迎的微博点击率。
Translation
2. A prolonged shutdown, however, could
produce widespread public discontent, further
fracture the market, and probably force the
government to deal with new market entrants,
who may be even less cooperative than the
"devils that they know." (para. 14)
长期关闭某些网络平台将引起民众的广泛不满，
进一步扰乱市场，从而很可能迫使政府应对各类
新网络平台的涌入。而这些新平台或许会比“他
们以往所接触的‘问题’平台”更难以开展合作。
Buzzwords