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Renewable energy Learning objectives • Know the advantages and disadvantages of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. • Know the main steps involved in converting an energy source into electrical energy. • Be able to suggest reasonable alternative technologies for producing electricity in the local area. How is electricity produced? • Whatever way we power electricity production 3 basic stages have to be gone through… energy source turbine generator Could be fossil fuels or renewable energy sources. Is what starts to turn Generates electricity Out of movement How is electricity produced? You can generate electricity simply using water to turn a wheel Energy resources Renewable Non-renewable Wind Coal Solar Oil Wave Natural gas Tidal Hydroelectric Nuclear Biomass Geothermal Power stations Boiler Transformer Turbine Cooling tower Generator What does each part do? The boiler is where the fuel is burnt to boil water The steam from the boiler is used to turn a turbine The turbine is connected to the generator, which acts like a dynamo – it generates electricity out of movement The steam is cooled down and turned back into water in the cooling tower Other ways of generating electricity… Wind Wave Hydro-electric Tidal Energy resources Renewable Source Wind Sun Solar Sun Wave Sun Tidal Hydroelectric Moon Biomass Geothermal Sun Sun Stored heat energy in the Earth Solar energy Solar cells are expensive/cheap to make. Even though they only provide energy at low power / high power, sometimes they are the best solution to providing energy. Satellites in space use solar cells as a source of energy. Solar power stations can use concave/convex mirrors to focus energy on a boiler. This produces the steam to turn a turbine, which in turn drives a generator and then produces electricity. Solar cells contain toxic/harmless chemicals that if ‘dumped’ can poison habitats. Solar power Advantages Disadvantages Renewable Unreliable – why? No acid rain Few areas suitable No global warming Cheap to run once built Low power energy source Toxic chemicals in solar cells can damage habitats Expensive to build Wind Unlike fossil fuels and solar energy, there is no need oiler in a wind turbine. The wind turns the for a b____ irectly - no s____ team is required. turbine d_____ Wind energy is very low power so you need many wind turbines to meet the same energy requirements as a fuel-burning power station. rea of land, away from You need to find an a large a___ oise and it obviously settlements because of the n___, indy has to be w___! Wind power Advantages Renewable Disadvantages Unreliable No acid rain Few areas suitable Cheap to run once built Low power energy source No global warming Noisy and unsightly Expensive to build Large area required Kills migratory birds Wave ind The S__ un produces the w___ aves and the wind causes w____. Waves can be used to turn urbines directly and t_______ generate electricity. enewable No Wave energy is r________. air pollution is produced such as sulphur dioxide or nitrogen oxides that cause acid rain. It is also cheap to run once built. The problems are that it is expensive to set up. There are few areas suitable, it can kill flora and fauna and the energy you get is very l ow power . Tidal ides This The M___ oon causes the t____. causes the level of the sea to rise and fall. This movement of the sea can be used to turn turbines directly lectricity and generate e________. enewable and nonTidal energy is r________ polluting. It is cheap to run once built. The problems are that it is expensive to set up. There are few areas suitable, it can kill flora and fauna and the energy you get is very l ow power . Biomass This is where you burn organic/inorganic matter, be it plant or animal. The reason it is classed as renewable/non-renewable is that you can reproduce this matter relatively quickly. For example, you can just grow some more plants. However you do require a large area/small area of land. Geothermal Advantages? Cold water pumped down Warm water comes back up and used to turn turbines Renewable No acid rain or greenhouse effect Cheap once built Disadvantages? Few areas suitable Expensive to build Water heated by hot rocks Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity Advantages Disadvantages Renewable Destroys habitats No acid rain Few areas suitable No global warming Unsightly Cheap to run once built Expensive to build Some systems pump water back up at night with the surplus electricity – energy efficient. Large area required Renewable energy Learning outcomes • Evaluate whether renewable energies such as solar power and wind power can meet the UK’s future electricity needs, and evaluate their economic, environmental and social impact.
