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Renewable Power Generation Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Wind Energy Hydropower Solar Thermal Electric Geothermal Renewable Power Generation (cont.) Photovoltaic Power: Principal of operation photoelectric effect silicon cell “doping” produces p-type (positive) and n-type (negative) “electrons and holes” resulting in “p-n junction”. RESULTS IN ELECTRICITY FLOW !!! Renewable Power Generation (cont.) Photovoltaic Power: Conversion of energy 30% maximum efficiency possible Typical is 10-15% effic. for standard “single-crystal” cells (lower for “thin-film” cells) “Thin-ribbons” used to reduce manufacturing $$ Amorphous silicon (not single crystal) used for calculators and watches– better efficiency in fluorescent light Renewable Power Generation (cont.) PV System Configurations: Series- voltages are additive; current is same Parallel- current is additive; voltages are same Typical solar array is combination of series and parallel. Output is DC voltage Renewable Power Generation (cont.) PV System Configurations: Batteries used for electrical energy storage Inverters needed for AC power Regulators needed to ensure no over-charging of batteries Co-generation capabilities for excess power (i.e. California is req’d to purchase surplus power !!)