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Ch. 32.1/2 Notes E.Q. – Identify and explain the four functions of the Integumentary System Levels of Organization in humans • Smallest Biggest Atoms Molecules Cells CHNOPS Carbs/protein/ Nucleic Acid/Lipids Animal Tissues Organs Organ systems Epithelial, connective, muscular Heart, lung, muscles, etc … Organism Human Body Skeletal, Nervous, Respiratory, etc… The 4 Types of Tissue • Connective Ex: Blood, bone, Cartilage • Muscular Ex: Bicep, Heart, Stomach The 4 Types of Tissue • Epithelial Ex: Skin, Digestive tract • Nervous Ex: Brain, spinal cord Integumentary System Functions (4) – Regulate Body Temperature • Sweat / Goosebumps – Protect body from the outside world. • Protects against disease • Very effective barrier (if not compromised) – Eliminate waste • Water, salt, urea – Produce vitamins • UV light & skin can produce Vitamin D. Integumentary System Structures • Skin – Effective barrier to keep the oustide separate from the inside. • Hair – Offers protection from UV light • Nails – Offer protection (scratching etc..) Skeletal System • STRUCTURES – Bones • Bone Marrow – Yellow and Red • Spongy bone • Compact bone • Periosteium – – – – Cartilage Tendons Ligaments Joints Division of the Skeleton Axial Skeleton • Skull – Vertebrae – Ribcage Sternum • Think of this as the center axis. Appendicular Skeleton • Arms – legs – hips – shoulders – hands – feet • Think of appendages. Functions of Skeletal System (5) • FUNCTIONS – 1. Shape and Structure – 2. Protection for internal organs – 3. Stores calcium and phosphorous minerals – 4. Produces red and white blood cells – 5. Supports muscles and organs Structure of a Bone • 1. Spongy bone – light to keep your bones moveable • 2. Red bone marrow – produces RBC’s and WBC’s • 3. Compact bone – dense keeps bones from breaking • 4. Yellow bone marrow – storage of fat • 5. Periosteum – protects and supplies the bone with blood carrying O2 Can you identify the 5 structures?? #1&2 #3 #4 #5 Bone Development • Most bones develop from cartilage. • When cartilage hardens bone is formed = ossification. • Nose, ears, and joints never ossify. Skeletal system tidbits • 206 bones • Held together by joints and ligaments – bone to bone • Tendons – connect bone to muscle 3 Types of Joints • 1. Fixed joint = skull • Suture • 2. Semi-movable joints – Vertebrae & Ribs • 3. Moveable joints – Hinge – elbow or knee – Ball and Socket – shoulder and hip – Pivot – neck – Gliding – phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals