Download Connective

Ch. 32.1/2 Notes
E.Q. – Identify and explain the four
functions of the Integumentary
System
Levels of Organization in humans
• Smallest Biggest
Atoms  Molecules  Cells 
CHNOPS
Carbs/protein/ Nucleic Acid/Lipids
Animal
Tissues 
Organs  Organ systems
Epithelial, connective, muscular
Heart, lung, muscles, etc …
 Organism
Human Body
Skeletal, Nervous, Respiratory, etc…
The 4 Types of Tissue
• Connective
Ex: Blood, bone, Cartilage
• Muscular
Ex: Bicep, Heart, Stomach
The 4 Types of Tissue
• Epithelial
Ex: Skin, Digestive tract
• Nervous
Ex: Brain, spinal cord
Integumentary System Functions (4)
– Regulate Body Temperature
• Sweat / Goosebumps
– Protect body from the outside world.
• Protects against disease
• Very effective barrier (if not compromised)
– Eliminate waste
• Water, salt, urea
– Produce vitamins
• UV light & skin can produce Vitamin D.
Integumentary System Structures
• Skin
– Effective barrier to keep the oustide separate from
the inside.
• Hair
– Offers protection from UV light
• Nails
– Offer protection (scratching etc..)
Skeletal System
• STRUCTURES
– Bones
• Bone Marrow
– Yellow and Red
• Spongy bone
• Compact bone
• Periosteium
–
–
–
–
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints
Division of the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
• Skull – Vertebrae – Ribcage Sternum
• Think of this as the center
axis.
Appendicular Skeleton
• Arms – legs – hips –
shoulders – hands – feet
•
Think of appendages.
Functions of Skeletal System (5)
• FUNCTIONS
– 1. Shape and Structure
– 2. Protection for internal organs
– 3. Stores calcium and phosphorous
minerals
– 4. Produces red and white blood cells
– 5. Supports muscles and organs
Structure of a Bone
• 1. Spongy bone – light to keep your bones
moveable
• 2. Red bone marrow – produces RBC’s and
WBC’s
• 3. Compact bone – dense keeps bones from
breaking
• 4. Yellow bone marrow – storage of fat
• 5. Periosteum – protects and supplies the
bone with blood carrying O2
Can you identify the 5 structures??
#1&2
#3
#4
#5
Bone Development
• Most bones develop from cartilage.
• When cartilage hardens bone is formed =
ossification.
• Nose, ears, and joints never ossify.
Skeletal system tidbits
• 206 bones
• Held together by joints and ligaments – bone
to bone
• Tendons – connect
bone to muscle
3 Types of Joints
• 1. Fixed joint = skull
• Suture
• 2. Semi-movable joints
– Vertebrae & Ribs
• 3. Moveable joints
– Hinge – elbow or knee
– Ball and Socket – shoulder and
hip
– Pivot – neck
– Gliding – phalanges,
metacarpals, and metatarsals