Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Korean Demilitarized Zone wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the Cold War wikipedia , lookup
1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état wikipedia , lookup
1960 U-2 incident wikipedia , lookup
Domino theory wikipedia , lookup
Cold War (1962–1979) wikipedia , lookup
Culture during the Cold War wikipedia , lookup
Cold War (1953–1962) wikipedia , lookup
Unit 7—Chapters 12 – 13 The Cold War CSS 11.8, 11.9, 11.11 Daily Start • What is the difference between a hot war and a cold war? Part Two The Beginning of the Cold War 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.11.2 EQ 2: How did US leaders respond to the threat of Soviet Expansion in Europe? Truman and Containment • The Cold War • the non-violent battle between the USSR and the US for control of the world Truman and Containment • Satellite States • Soviet troops remained in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East to “help” restore government order • USSR wanted a buffer zone to protect itself from Western invaders • Stalin claimed they all wanted to be communist because communism is just so awesome Truman and Containment • Iron Curtain • communication and travel between eastern and western Europe stopped • term coined by Winston Churchill • Berlin came to represent the division between East and West Iron Curtain Truman and Containment • Truman Doctrine, 1947 • the US heard that communists might take over Greece and Turkey • $400 million given to aid Greece and Turkey economies • Truman promised financial or economic aid to any European nation threatened by communism • critics said it created a world in which all nations were forced into either a pro-American or pro-Soviet camp • Containment • George F. Kennan argued that we must stop the spread of communism by standing up to the USSR Truman and Containment • Marshall Plan, 1947 • the US sent $12.5 billion in aid to help western Europe rebuild • 16 countries used it including Germany • like the Dawes Plan after WWI • Soviet countries refused any help, they had their own system called the Molotov Plan Truman and Containment • Berlin Airlift, 1948 • Stalin closed Berlin to the West • by closing the borders he hoped to starve out western Berlin • Truman ordered supplies airlifted to West Berlin daily for 231 days until Stalin backed down • 277,264 flights in 231 days • 2,250,000 tons of goods including food and coal • 300 tons per day Truman and Containment • North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1949 • 12 Western European nations and the US formed alliance to check communist expansion • Greece and Turkey joined in 1952 • West Germany joined in 1955 • Warsaw Pact, 1950 • USSR and allies formed their own “NATO” in Poland Warm-Up War that is very fierce and very hot ends either with death or peace, whereas a cold war neither brings peace nor confers honor on those who wage it.- Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.-Albert Einstein EQ 2: • How did US leaders respond to the threat of Soviet Expansion in Europe? Daily Start • The Cold War was the ____________ battle between the _______________ and the ___________ for _________ of the _________________. • Define containment (in terms of the Cold War). • What did the Truman Doctrine aim to support? • What does NATO stand for? Part Two The Korean War 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.11.2 EQ 3: How did President Truman use the power of the presidency to limit the spread of communism in East Asia? The Korean War • Jiang Jieshi v. Mao Zedong • China “fell” to communism under Mao in 1949 • China and USSR became allies •Americans felt that containment was failing • Jiang Jieshi and the National government fled to Taiwan The Korean War • 38th Parallel • North Korea became communist under the USSR after WWII • South Korea became a democracy under Syngman Rhee • the UN established division at the 38th parallel • North Korea invaded South Korea • the Senate consented to send US troops under the UN to prevent the “domino effect” • Douglas MacArthur named UN commander June 1950 July 1950 Sept. 1950 June 1951 The Korean War • Gen. Douglas MacArthur • MacArthur led UN troops in Japan to liberate South Korea • landed at Inchon • pushed North Korea back to the Chinese border • China sent a million volunteers to aid North Korea • this is when people really started freaking out • MacArthur argued for nuclear attacks on Chinese ports and bases in Manchuria The Korean War • Limited War • Truman ordered MacArthur to hold 38th parallel but not to advance past it • he even suggested using nukes along the Yalu River • MacArthur publicly criticized Truman’s “limited war” • MacArthur called the Korean war “the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy” • MacArthur was possibly the most popular public figure in the nation and Truman…was really not • Truman fired MacArthur The Korean War • Demilitarized Zone, 1953 • a cease fire was signed between North Korea and the US under Eisenhower • South Korea did not sign it • technically, they are still at war • no army may occupy the border between the two Koreas • both nations and the US have troops stationed at the edge of the DMZ • US Casualties • • • • 36,516 dead 92,134 wounded 8,176 MIA 7,245 POW[7] The Korean War • South-East Asian Treaty Organization, 1954 • sought containment in Asia, it dissolved in 1977 • 8 nations joined—Australia, Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the US • showed growing commitment by the US to fight communism • by 1960, 500,000+ US troops were stationed around the globe • defense was 50% of the budget EQ 3: • How did President Truman use the power of the presidency to limit the spread of communism in East Asia? Daily Start How did the number of nuclear weapons change in the US from 1945 to 1960? Why did the US need so many? US Nuclear Capability ICBM SLBM Bomber Total 1945 --- --- 6 6 1950 --- --- 369 369 1960 13 34 6,954 7,000 1970 1,306 4,452 6,465 12,223 1980 2,251 5,914 6,239 14,404 1988 2,593 5,578 6,624 14,795 Part Two Eisenhower and Brinkmanship 11.9.2, 11.9.3, 11.11.2 EQ 4: What methods did the US use in its global struggle against the Soviet Union? Eisenhower and Brinkmanship • popular as Allied commander in Europe during WWII • defeated Adlai Stevenson twice in 1952 and 1956 • Nixon became the Vice President • believed we should show strength by getting as close to war as possible without war • brinkmanship meant never having to go to war • promised to get us out of Korea I Like Ike!!! Eisenhower and Brinkmanship • Massive Retaliation (Dulles), 1954 • the US would answer any attack with a larger nuclear response • basically, anyone dumb enough to attack us would be destroyed Eisenhower and Brinkmanship • Nikita Khrushchev • Soviet Premier 1953-1964 • succeeded Stalin who died in 1953 • dealt with Eisenhower and Kennedy) • tried and failed to build up Soviet agriculture • tried to bring American corn to Russia • helped keep up the arms race We will bury you!! Eisenhower and Brinkmanship • U-2 Incident, 1960 • Ike said we do not spy (just the Soviets did) • a US spy plane was shot down over USSR • Gary Powers, pilot • Ike admitted it but refused to apologize • Americans sad to hear that we spied too Eisenhower and Brinkmanship • Hungarian Revolt, 1956 • Eisenhower promised aid to any nation who asked • Hungary drove soviets out of Budapest and waited for aid • after a month, we had not helped them and soviet troops retook the city Eisenhower and Brinkmanship • Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957 • promised economic and military aid to Middle East • helped est. Shah in Iran (overthrown in 1980s) • US sent troops to Lebanon in 1958 • the US Belonged to CENTO from 1955 – 1979 • Suez Canal Crisis, 1957 Eisenhower and Brinkmanship • Military-Industrial Complex • in 1960, Eisenhower warned against the US relying too much on large defense contracts for the economy • claimed there was a link between arms makers and US military EQ 4: • What methods did the US use in its global struggle against the Soviet Union?